This site is 100% ad supported. Please add an exception to adblock for this site.

Chemistry test 1

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
MIXTURE
TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES ARE PHYSICALLY MIXED, BUT NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINED.
HOMOGENEOUS
(CHEMICAL THAT WILL MIX) MIXTURE ALSO THE SOLUTION THE COMPOSITION IS UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE SAMPLE.
HETEROGENEOUS
(THE CHEMICAL WILL NOT MIX) MIXTURE THE COMPONENTS DO NOT HAVE A UNIFORM COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT THE SAMPLE
PURE SUBSTANCE
A TYPE OF MATTER THAT HAS A FIXED OR DIFINITE COMPOSITION. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF PURE SUBSTANCES, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
ELEMENTS
ARE COMPOSED OF ONLY ON TYPE OF ATOM.
COMPOUNDS
THEY CONSIST OF A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS ALWAYS IN THE SAME RATIO.
ELEMENTS ARE
PURE SUBSTANCE
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
ARE ONE OR TWO LETTER ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE NAMES OF THE ELEMENTS. ONLY THE FIRST LETTER OF AN ELEMENTS SYMBOL IS CAPITALIZED.
EVERY ELEMENT HAS
A PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, WHICH ARE THOSE CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED WITHOUT AFFECTING THE IDENTITY OF AN ELEMENT.
PERIOD
EACH HORIZONTAL ROW IN THE TABLE.
HALOGENS
ARE FOUND ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE IN GROUP 7A.
METALS
ARE SHINY SOLIDS; ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
NON METAL
ARE NOT VERY SHINY, MELLEABLE, OR DUCTILE, AND THEY OFTEN POOR CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
METALLOIDS
ARE ELEMENTS THAT EXHIBIT SOME PORPERTIES THAT ARE TYPICAL OF THE METALS AND OTHER PROPERTIES THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE NONMETALS.
ATOMS
ARE COMPOSED OF EVEN SMALLER BITS OF MATTER CALLED SUBATOMIC PARTICLES.
PROTON
HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE.
ELECTRON
CARRY A NEGATIVE CHARGE.
NEUTRON
HAS NO ELECTICAL CHARGE; IT IS NEUTRAL.
ATOMIC MASS UNIT
ON TWELFTH OF THE MASS OF EVERY ATOM IS COMPARED.
NECLEUS
WHERE THE PROTON AND NEUTRONS ARE LOCATED, HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE AND CONTAINS MOST OF THE MASS OF AN ATOM.
PRONTON
CARRIES POSITIVE CHARGE.
ATOMIC NUMBER
IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM IS USED TO IDENTITY EACH ELEMENT.
PRONTONS AND NEUTRONS
DETERMINE THE MASS OF THE NUCLEUS.
MASS NUMBER
IS THE SUM OF THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS.
THE NUMBER OF NEUTRON IN THE ATOM IS FOUND:
BY SUBTRACTIONG THE ATOMIC NUMBER FROM MASS NUMBER.
THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IS EQUAL TO:
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS.
ISOTOPES
ARE ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS.
ATOMIC SYMBOL
INDICATES THE MASS NUMBER AND THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF THE ATOM.
ATOMIC MASS
IS AN AVERAGE OF THE MASS OF ALL NATURALLY OCCURING ISOTOPES OF THAT ELEMENT.
ENERGY LEVEL
LEVEL 1-2 ELECTRONS. LEVEL 2-CAN HOLD UP TO 8 ELECTRONS. LEVEL 3 CAN HOLD UP TO 18 ELECTRON, AND LEVEL 4 HAS ROOM FOR 32 ELECTRON.
ORBITAL
IS A REGION IN SPACE AROUND THE NUCLEUS IN WHICH AN ELECTRON IS MOST LIKELY TO BE FOUND.
AN S ORBITAL IS:
SPHERICAL WITH NUCLEUS AT THE CENTER. THERE IS JUST ONE S ORBITAL IN EVERY ELECTRON ENERGY LEVEL.
A P ORBITAL HAS:
TWO LOBES, THERE IS A SET OF THREE P ORBITALS ARRANGED IN THREE DIFFERENT DIRECTION, X,Y,AND Z, AROUND THE NUCLEUS.
VALENCE ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER MOST ENERGY LEVELS.
GROUP NUMBER
INDICATE THE NUMBER OF VALENCE (OUTER)ELECTRONS FOR THE ELEMENTS IN EACH VERTICAL COLUMN.
AN ELECTRON DOT SYMBOL IS
A CONVENIENT WAY TO REPRESENT THE VALENCE ELECTRON.
ATOMIC RADIUS
IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE VALENCE (OUTERMOST) ELECTRONS.
IONIZATION ENERGY IS
THE ENERGY NEEDED TO REMOVE THE LEAST TIGHTLY BOUND ELECTRON FROM AN ATOM IN THE GASEOUS(G) STATE.
THE IONIZATION ENERGY GENERALLY
DECREASES GOING DOWN A GROUP.
GOING ACROSS A PERIOD FORM LEFT TO RIGHT:
THE IONIZATION ENERGY GENERALLY INCREASES.
AS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS INCREASES ACROSS A PERIOD:
MORE ENERGY IS REQUIRED TO REMOVE AND ELECTRON.
THE IONIZATION ENERGY IS:
LOW FOR THE METAL AND HIGH FOR NON METALS.
NOBLE GASES HAVE A:
PARTICULARLY STABLE OCTET OF 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS EXCEPT FOR HELIUM WHICH IS STABLE WITH 2 ELECTRONS FILLING ITS FIRST ENERGY LEVEL.
OCTECT RULE
THIS TENDENCY FOR ATOMS TO ACQUIRE A NOBLE GAS ARRANGEMENT PROVIDES A KEY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ATOMS BOND AND FORM COMPOUNDS.
POSITIVE IONS ARE ALSO CALLED
CATIONS
IONS WITH NEG. CHARGES ARE CALLED:
ANIONS
METAL ALWAYS
LOOSE ELECTRONES.
NON METAL ALWAYS
GAIN ELECTRON.
EXPONENT SIGN
POS. OR NEG SIGN ARE WROTE DOWN.
METALS LOSE ELECTRONS TO FORM:
POSITIVE IONS.
THE ELEMENT IN GROUPS 1A,2A,AND 3A:
LOSE 1,2,AND 3 ELECTRONS RESPECTIVELY.
THE NON METALS FROM GROUPS 5A,6A, AND 7A FROM:
NEGATIVE IONS.
VALENCE ELECTRON IS
THE GROUP NUMBER WITHOUT THE LETTER.
HOW DOES THE OCTET RULE EXPLAIN THE FORMATION OF A SODIUM ION?
BY LOSING 1 VALENCE ELECTRON FROM THE THIRD ENERGY LEVEL, SODIUM ACHIEVES AND OCTET IN THE SECOND ENERGY LEVEL.
NON METAL 5A,6A,AND 7A
GAIN 3,2,AND 1.
THE FORMULA OF AN IONIC COMPOUND INDICATES:
THE NUMBER AND KINDS OF IONS THAT MAKE UP THE IONIC COMPOUND.
LEFT SIDE
LOSSES ELECTRONS.
RIGHT SIDE
GAIN ELECTRONS.
IONIC BONS
IONIC COMPOUND CONSIST OF POS. AND NEG. IONS. THE IONS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY STRONG ATTRACTIONS BETWEEN THE APPOSTITELY CHARGE IONS.
THE POSITIVE CHARGED IS
USUALLY A METAL ION.
THE NEG. CHARGE ION IS
NON METALIC ELEMENT MOLECULE.
CRISS CROSS IS USED TO:
GET THE IONIC FORMULA FOR COMPOUNDS. NA+ AND 02- = Na2O.
METAL ION
IS THE SAME AS ITS ELEMENTAL NAME.
IDE
IS USED TO OBTAINED THE NAMED OF A NONMETAL ION BY REPLACING THE END OF ITS ELEMENTAL.
NAME THE ANION BY CHAGING THE LAST PART OF ITS ELEMENT NAMES TO:
IDE.
CATION-ANION.
ALWAYS WRITE THE NAME OF THE CATION FIRST AND THE NAME OF THE ANION SECOND.
IN A POLYATOMIC ION
A GROUP OF ATOMS HAS ACQUIRED AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE.
MOST POLYATOMIC ION CONSIST OF
A NONMETAL SUCH AS PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, CARBON OR NITROGEN BONDED TO OXYGEN ATOMS.
THE NAMES OF THE MOST COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS END IN:
ATE.
THE ITE ENDING IS USED:
FOR THE NAMES RELATED IONS THAT HAVE ONE LESS OXYGENATION.
COVALENT COMPOUNDS:
ELECTRONS ARE NOT TRANSFERED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER, BUT ARE SHARED BETWEN ATOMS OF NONMETALS TO ACHIEVE STABILITY.
WHEN ATOM SHARE ELECTRONS THEY FORM:
MOLECULES.
DOUBLE BOND
OCCURS WHEN TWO PAIRS OF ELECTRONS ARE SHARED.
TRIPLE BOND
THREE PAIRS OF ELECTRONS ARE SHARED.
WHEN THE VOWEL O AND O OR A AND O APPEAR TOGETHER:
THE FIRST VOWEL IS OMMITTED AS IN CARBON MONOXIDE.
PREFIX MONO IS
USUALLY OMMITTED AA IN NO, NITROGEN OXIDE.
THE PREFIX MONO
IS NOT USE FOR THE FIRST NON METAL.
METAL
FORM ONE POSTIVE ION;FOR MORE THAN ONE POS. ION; USE THE NAME ELEMENT; USE ELEMENT NAME FOLLOWED BY A ROMAN NUMERAL EQUAL TO THE CHARGE.
COVALENT
2 NON METALS
FIRST NONMETAL
USE A PREFIX TO MATCH SUBSCRIPT BEFORE ELEMENT NAME.
SECOND NONMETAL
USE A PREFIX BEFORE THE ELEMENT AND END WITH IDE.
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 1
MONO
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 2
DI
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 3
TRI
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 4
TETRA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 5
PENTRA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 6
HEXA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 7
HEPTA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 8
OCTA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 9
NONA
PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 10
DECA
THE ABILITY OF AN ATOM TO ATTACT BONDING ELECTRONS TO ITSELF IS CALLED;
ELECTRONEGATIVITY.
PURE SUBSTANCES:
IS ONE ELEMENT.
COMPOUND IS
TWO ELEMENT.
MATTER IS:
THE STUFF THAT MAKES UP A THINGS.
COMPOUND
TWO OR MORE.
MIXTURE IS
A TYPE OF MATTER THAT CONSISTS OF 2 OR MORE.
ATOM:
SMALLEST PARTICLE FOUND IN PROTONS AND NEUTRON ARE LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS.
WHEN MORE THEN 2 NONMETAL COMBINE TOGUETHER THEY FORM:
2 POLY ATOMIC ION. Ca+2Co-2= CaCo3.
IONIC
IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED.
WHEN THE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED UNEQUALLY IN A COVALENT BOND, IT IS CALLED A:
POLAR COVALENT BOND.
A COVALENT BOND BETWEEN ATOMS WITH IDENTICAL OR VERTY SIMILAR ELECTRONEGATIVITIES IS A:
NONPOLAR COVALENT.
WHEN THE ELECTRON ARE SHARED UNEQUALLY IN A COVALENT BOND IT IS CALLED A:
POLAR COVALENT BOND.
WHEN A POLAR COVALENT BOND HAS A SEPARATION OF POS AND NEG CHARGE OR TWO POLES IT IS CALLED A
DIPOLE.
THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY
INCREASED GOING ACROSS A PERIOD.
A NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND WOULD HAVE AN:
ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE OF 0.0 TI 0.4.
Start Studying!

Deck Info

106

martm006

permalink