pharmacology neoplasia
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- what lobe/zone is most often involved in prostatic cancer?
- posterior lobe, peripheral zone
- what is a common site of metastases for prostate cancer?
- bone
- what are useful tumor markers for prostate CA
- psa, and prostatic acid phosphatase
- this type of skin cancer has palisading nuclei
- basal cell carcinoma
- dyplastic nevi are a precursor fot this type of cancer
- melanoma
- this type of skin cancer is associated with keratin pearls
- squamous cell carcinoma of skin
- the translocation 11;22 is associated with this cancer of the bone that occurs most commonly in young boys
- ewing's sarcoma
- this tumor is characterized by a "double bubble" or "soap bubble" appearance
- benign giant cell tumor
- this is the most common benign bone tumor, usually in men younger than 25, with a rare transformation to malignancy
- osteochondroma
- Most common adult brain tumor?
- Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma) See pseudopalisading tumor cells, central necrosis and hemorrhage.
- Second most common adult tumor?
- Meningioma, occurring in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region. See psammoma bodies.
- Benign, slow-growing tumor in frontal lobes?
- Oligodendroglioma, look for fried egg appearance, often calcified.
- Third most common tumor, often localized to CN8?
- Schwannoma, see it in acoustic Schwannoma. Antoni A (compact) and Antoni B (loose) patterns.
- Most common forms are prolactin-secreting?
- Pituitary Adenoma, which derives from Rathke's Pouch and can produce secondary bitemporal hemianopsia and hypopituitarism
- Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Highly malignant cerebellar tumor?
- Medulloblastoma, can compress 4th ventricle and cause hydrocephalus. See rosettes or pseudorosettes.
- Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Cerebellar tumor associated with von Hippel-Landau syndrome?
- Hemangioblastoma, see foamy cells and high vascularity, can produce excess EPO-->polycythemia.
- Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Commonly found in fourth ventricle, causing hydrocephalus?
- Ependyomomas, which have perivascular rosettes and rod-shaped blepharoblasts near nucleus on exam.
- Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Diffusely infiltrating glioma, usually found in posterior fossa?
- Low-grade Astrocytoma
- Primary Brain Tumors-Child Peak Incidence: Benign tumor often confused with pituitary adenoma?
- Craniopharyngioma, which also is derived from Rathke's pouch, also presents with bitemporal hemianopsia, also calcified.
- To Brain?
- Lung, Breast, Skin (melanoma), Kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI. Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia. 50% of brain tumors are due to metastases.
- To liver?
- Colon>Stomach>Pancreas>Breast>Lung. Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver. Metastases much more common than primary liver tumors.
- To bone?
- Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, kidney, prostate.=> "BLT with a Kosher Pickle."
- Most common organ receiving metastases?
- Adrenal medulla, then cortex.
- Most common organ sending metastases?
- Lung>Breast/Stomach
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Cushing's Syndrome
- ACTH/ACTH-like peptide from small-cell lung CA
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: SIADH
- ADH/ANP from small cell lung CA and intracranial neoplasms.
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Hypercalcemia
- PTH-related peptide/TGF-alpha/TNF-Alpha/IL-2 from squamous cell lung CA, renal cell CA, Breast CA, multiple myeloma, bone metastasis.
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Polycythemia
- EPO from renal cell CA.
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ, generated by Thymomas and bronchogenic CA.
- Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: Gout
- Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover, found in various neoplasms.
- Cancer Epidemiology Male incidence?
- Prostate(32%)>Lung(16%)>Colon and Rectum (12%)
- Cancer Epidemiology Male Mortality?
- Lung(33%)>Prostate(13%)
- Cancer Epidemiology Female incidence?
- Breast (32%)>Lung(13%)>Colorectal(13%)
- Cancer Epidemiology Female Mortality?
- Lung(23%)>Breast(18%)