HESP 311
Terms
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- Speech Banana
- The shape on an audiogram which maps all of the necessary sounds for speech.
- Anterior
- Ventral
- Ventral
- Toward Front
- Posterior/Dorsal
- Toward Back
- Lateral
- Toward outsides
- Medial
- Toward midline
- Superior
- Toward upper surface
- Inferior
- Toward lower/bottom surface
- Distal
- further from the beginning.
- Proximal
- toward the beginning
- Contralateral
- On the opposite side.
- Ipsilateral
- On the same side
- Air conduction test range (Hz)
- 250 - 8,000 Hz
- Air conduction octave intervals
- 250, 500, 1k, 2k, 4k, 8k Hz
- Bone conduction test range
- 250 - 4,000 Hz
- Bone conduction octave intervals
- 250, 500, 1k, 2k, 4k Hz
- Why do we test a specific range of hearing?
- The specific range captures hearing within the range of speech sounds.
- Profound HL
- 91+ dB
- Severe HL
- 71 - 90 dB
- Moderately Severe HL
- 56 - 70 dB
- Moderate HL
- 41 - 55 dB
- Mild Hearing Loss
- 21 - 40 dB
- Normal Hearing
- -10 - 20 dB
- We report thresholds in how many dB increments?
- 5dB increments
- Audiogram intensity is reported as...
- dBHL
- Red and Blue
- Right and Left
- Ultra-high frequencies
- >8,000 Hz (9,000 - 20,000Hz)
- Air conduction inter-octaves...
- 750, 1500, 3k, 6k
- Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL)
- Bone conduction tresholds are WNL, but air conduction seems impaired.
- Air-bone gap
- >10dB
- What can cause an "attenuation" of sounds?
- Conductive hearing loss.
- What does a "notched" audiogram usually indicate, when the HL is in higher frequencies?
- This usually indicates a conductive hearing loss due to environmental sound hazards.
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)
- Hearing loss by both BC and AC by the same amount (ie, <=10 dB A-B gap).
- Mixed Hearing Loss
- >10dB A-B gap, wherein both BC and AC are outside of normal range.
- Why can AC thresholds never be better than BC thresholds?
- Seriously, do I have to explain this? :B
- Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT)
- Lowest intensity level at which speech can be recognized 50% of the time.
- Speech Awareness Threshold (SAT)
- Lowest intensity level at which the presence of speech can be detected. This is generally lower than SRT.
- What is the required equipment for SRT tests or Word Recognition testing?
- Audiometer, transducers.
- Word Recognition Scores: Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor. Give the corresponding %.
- 90-100%, 80-89%, 70-79%, <70%
- SRT: Words may be presented...
- at suprathreshold level.
- SRT is used to indicate...
- whether the hearing loss is distorting the speech signal.
- The main external structures on the pinna are...
- The helix, fossa, concha, antihelix, crus, tragus, antitragus and lobe.
- The helix of the pinna is:
- The outer rim
- The antihelix of the pinna is:
- parallel to the helix.
- The tragus of the pinna is:
- anterior to the external auditory canal.
- One purpose of the tragus is:
- To protect the ear canal.
- The crus of the pinna is:
- Superior to the tragus.
- The lobe is mostly made of:
- fatty tissue.
- The concha's diameter is approx:
- 1 to 2 cm in adults.
- The concha leads to the opening of the external auditory canal with a diameter of:
- 5 to 7mm.
- The average length of the external auditory canal is:
- 2 to 3cm
- The average diameter of the external auditory canal is:
- 7mm.
- The medial 2/3 of the EAC is:
- bony, with tight skin lining close to the TM.
- The cartelagenous portion of the EAC is:
- lined with hair and sebaceous and ceruminous glands.
- The External Auditory Canal (EAC) is also known as:
- The External Auditory Meatus (EAM)
- Protective features of the EAC include:
- S-shape, hair, cerumen, migratory epithelial tissues.
- The pinna can amplify sound by:
- 10dB
- The pinna is particularly good at collecting:
- High frequency energy.
- The external ears work together for what auditory process?
- Localization.
- The superior portion of the EAC is innervated by:
- CNV (Trigeminal nerve)
- CNV is also called:
- The trigeminal nerve.
- CNV also innervates:
- The mouth, nasal cavity, teeth, face, and gums.
- The inferior portion of the EAC is innervated by:
- CNX (Vagus nerve)
- CNX is also called:
- Vagus nerve
- CNX/Vagus nerve innervates:
- The tongue, larynx, and pharynx
- Because of CNX's path of innervation, it can influence which reflexes?
- The cough and gag reflex.