Anatomy 10/18/06
Terms
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- What are red nuclei used for and what does it contain?
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-used for posture reflexes
-high in iron content - What does substantia nigra contain, what is it's function, and what does it use?
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-high in melanin content
-performs graceful skeletal muscle movement
-uses dopamine as neurotransmitter - How is Parkinson's disease caused adn how can it be controlled?
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-caused by the lack of dopamine
-can be controlled by L-dopa (dopamine precursor)
-Dopamine can't cross the BBB - What is the function of the reticular formation?
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-keeps the brain aroused
-keeps the brain in a functional state - What are the pons?
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-relay/transmission center
-several cranial nerves originate within pons - What is the medulla, what does it contain, and its function?
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-transmission/relay center
-contains many nuclei that begin cranial nerves
-contains nuclei involved in autonomic regulation of vicera
-Inc/Dec heart rate and respiratory rate
-houses reflex centers - What is the cerebellum and what does it do?
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-2 hemispheres
-coordination of skeletal motor impulses
-stores memeory of previously learned motor patterns
-adjusts muscle activity to maintain posture
-receives proprioceptive information - Where are preprioceptors found and what does it do?
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-found in skeletal muscles
-also in tendons, ligaments, and synovial joints
- monitors thick/thin filament overlap
-measures tension placed on a muscle - What is the limbic system?
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-"emotional brain"
-affects behavior and emotion
-principle part of brain involved in emotion - What's in the spinal cord?
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-cranial nerves
-thoracic nerves
-lumbar nerves
-sacral nerves
-coccygeal nerves
-"tube" ends at L1
-nerves fan-out in cauda equina (horse's tail)
-nerves continue through vertibral foramena - What is the vertabral foramena?
- -hole in center of spine that holds spinal cord
- What is the Epidural space
- -adipose tissue that protects cord from bone
- What are spinal nerves?
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-on either side of spinal cord
-attached by anterior and posterior roots---> each have rootlets--->connected to nuclei on spinal cord - Why is the spinal cord separated in half by sulci?
- -lets us have more mobility and twists
- What is the cervical plexis?
- -place where several cervical nerves branch off and splice together
- Where is the brachial plexus located and and where do they go?
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-found in shoulder
-nerves go to arms - Where is the lunber plexus located and where do they go?
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-in lower back
-nerves go to legs - Where is the sacral plexus located and where do they go?
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-in pelvis
-nerves go to legs - What is the conus medialis?
- -Where cord ends and caudal equina begins
- Why do we have plexis's?
- -If a nerve is diseases or damaged, can send motor info from another nerve to the area where the damaged nerve was
- What is the grey matter in the spinal cord?
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-anterior horn
-lateral horn
-posterior horn
-grey comissive - What white matter is in the spinal cord?
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-anterior funiculus
-lateral funiculus (bulge)
-posterior funiculus
-white commissive (lets horns communicate) - What are the mixed nerves?
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-somatic sensory (from senses)
-viseral sensory (from internal organs)
-autonomic motor (goes to internal organs)
-somatic motor (goes to muscles) - How do impulses travel to the spinal cord?
- -impulses go through axons of sensory neurons, which go throuhg posterior root and end in posterior horn of grey matter
- How do impulses travel away from the spinal cord?
- -Dendrites of motor neurons start in lateral and anterior horns of grey matter and go out through anterior root
- How do sensory and motor neurons communicate with each other?
- -Through interneurons in cord