Day 1 Full Biology 30 Review
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- What are the three main types of neurons?
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Sensory
Interneuron (association neuron)
Motor - Which neuron first responds to external stimuli?
- Sensory Neuron.
- Which neuron carries an impulse to a muscle or gland?
- Motor Neuron.
- What part of a neuron carries impulses toward the cell boy?
- The dendrite.
- The membrane that enables PNS neurons to regrow is known as the
- Neurilemma.
- Schwann cells grow around axons to create a structure known as the
- Myelin Sheath.
- The type of impulse conduction along a myelinated axon is known as
- Saltatory conduction.
- The specific structures along an axon that increase the speed of an impulse are known as
- Nodes of Ranvier
- A common disease associated with the loss of myelin around brain and spinal neurons is
- Multiple sclerosis.
- The structure that protects the axon or dendrites of a neuron and prevents the loss of electrical flow is
- the Myelin Sheath.
- At rest, which ion is found in greatest concentration on the outside of a neuron?
- Sodium or Na+
- What is the specific internal charge of a resting neuron?
- - 70 mV
- A rapid reversal of charge moving through an axon is known as an ...
- Action Potencial or a nervous impulse.
- The consideration of all the neurotransmitters present in the synapse is known as ...
- Summation or the summation effect .
- Why is a reflex faster than a person's reaction time?
- A reflex does not involve comprehension or the brain.
- Give two ways acetylcholine is removed from the synapse after an action potential is started on the postsynaptic membrane.
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1) Reabsorbed by the presynaptic membrane.
2) Broken down by cholinesterase. - What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the Liver?
- It causes the Liver to secrete glucose into the blood.
- Which ion must leave the axon during repolarization?
- Potassium or K+
- List the order of cells or steps involved in a reflex arc.
- Stimulus -> Sensory Neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor Neuron -> Effector (muslce)
- A neurotransmitter commonly used in the PNS to continue an impulse across a synapse would be
- Acetylcholine.
- Give two ways Calcium is important to our health.
- Helps maintain bone strength and allows the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.
- Our mood, sense of well being and our ability to feel connected to others is strongly influenced by this neurotransmitter.
- Seritonin.
- What carries an impulse across the space (synapse) between neurons?
- A neurotransmitter (ex acetylcholine)
- The length of time a neruon takes to recover from an impulse and be able to send another impulse is known as the
- refractory period.
- When sodium is pumped out of the neuron to setup it's resting potencial, what ion is left behind and inside the cell that encourages a negative internal charge?
- Chloride ion.
- The minimum amount of stimulus a neuron must receive in order to start an action potential is known as the
- Threshold stimuli.
- Once an action potential is started it will continue down the entire length of the axon without additional stimuli. This property of action potentials is known as
- Self-propagating.
- Neurons will either conduct a full impulse or not conduct any impulse. This property of neurons is referred to as the
- All-or-None theory.
- Our brains can sense degrees of stimuli from the environment, despite the "all-or-none" nature of impulse transmission. Give two explanations for this
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Different neurons in the area may have different threshold levels.
The frequency of response may change for a specific neuron. - Dopamine is associated with this pathway
- Reward or Pain pathway.
- A neurological disease that is characterized by a lack of dopamine in the brain is
- Parkinson's Disease.
- The sympathetic nervous system helps the body
- prepare for stress, or generate the "fight or flight" response.
- The para-sympathetic nervous system helps the body
- calm down or recover from the "fight or flight" response.
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Number 4 on the diagram is known as a - Node of Ranvier
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Number 5 on the diagram shown helps the neuron by - Preventing electrical loss or short circuit of impulses.
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Number 1 on the diagram refers to the neuron's - Dendrites.
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Neuron "A" would be an example of a - sensory neuron.
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Neuron "B" would be an example of a - motor neuron.
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Neuron "C" would be an example of a - interneuron or association neuron.
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Why is it important to have structure "9" in an axon terminal? - To provide energy. Sturcture "9" is a mitochondria.
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Structure "10" is known as a - synaptic vessicle. It contains neurotransmitters.
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Molecule "11" could be many different substances. Some common examples would include: -
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
GABA -
If substance "11" is acetyocholine, it's presence in the synapse at significant levels will trigger an in rush of this ion. - Sodium or Na+
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If the presynaptic neuron shown is a sensory neruon, then the postsynaptic neuron must be an - interneuron or association neuron.
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The neuron labled "c" must be - an interneuron.
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This diagram represents a simple neuron pathway known as a - reflex arc.
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The substance that would carry an impulse between neuron "b" and neuron "c" would be - acetylcholine. Or a neurotransmitter.
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The support or glial cell labeled "e" is known as a - Schwann cell.
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The structure labeled "g" would be - an end plate, or synaptic knob, or an axon terminal.
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Sodium ions are rushing in at the area labeled - 2 (depolarization)
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repolarization is labeled - 3 (potassium ions are rushing out)