Psychology 120 The Nervous System
Terms
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- What is the interdisciplinary field studying how biological processes relate to behavioral and mental processes?
- Neuroscience
- What is the cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information?
- Neuron
- What cells provide structural, nutritional, and other support for the neurons, as well as communication within the nervous system?
- Glial cells
- What are branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey impulses toward the cell body?
- Dendrites
- What part of the neuron contains the cell nucleus, as well as other structures that help the neuron carry out its functions?
- Cell body or soma
- What is a long, tubelike structure that conveys impulses away from the neuron’s cell body toward other neurons or to muscles or glands?
- Axon
- What is a layer of fatty insulation wrapped around the axon of some neurons, which increases the rate at which nerve impulses travel along the axon?
- Myelin sheath
- What transmits impulses to dendrites of another neuron by neurotransmitters?
- Axon terminals
- What is a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron?
- Action potential
- What is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron?
- Synapse
- What are chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons?
- Neurotransmitters
- What is a collection of glands located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream?
- Endocrine system
- What is an innate, automatic response to a stimulus?
- Reflex
- What subdivision of the peripheral nervous system connects to sensory receptors and controls skeletal muscles?
- Somatic nervous system
- What neurons transmit messages from sense organs to the CNS?
- Sensory neurons or afferent neurons
- What neurons within the CNS communicate internally and intervene between the sensory and motor neurons?
- Interneurons
- What neurons transmit messages from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands?
- Motor Neurons or Efferent Neurons
- What subdivision of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion?
- Autonomic nervous system
- What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during times of stress?
- Sympathetic Nervous System or fight-or-flight system
- What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy?
- Parasympathetic nervous system