Neuroanatomy Overview - Basic Macroscopic Organization
Terms
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- The CNS arises from a sheet of ________ cells that folds over during embryological development to form the _______.
- ectodermal; neural tube
- The brain and the spinal cord comprise what?
- CNS
- Cranial nerves and ganglia, spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and ganglia, enteric nervous system comprise what?
- PNS
- The Proencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon are also known by what terms?
- forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, respectively.
- The Proencephalon (forebrain)is made up by the _______ and the ______.
- Telencephalon; Diencephalon
- The cerebral hemispheres, the cerebral cortex, the subcortical white matter, the basal ganglia, and the basal forebrain nuclei comprise what?
- Telencephalon
- the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus comprise what?
- Diencephalon
- The Mesencephalon (midbrain) is made up by the ______, ______, and _____.
- cerebral peduncles, midbrain tectum, and midbrain tegmentum
- The Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)is comprised by the ______ and ______.
- Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
- The pons and cerebellum form the _______.
- Metencephalon
- The medulla is what component of the Rhombencephalon?
- Myelencephalon
- CSF is formed mainly by vascular tufts lying within the ______ and the ______.
- ventricles and choroid plexus
- CSF circulates from the _____ ventricles to the _____ ventricle, and then leaves the ventricular system via _____ in the ______ ventricle.
- lateral; third; foramina; fourth
- Once CSF leaves the ventricular system, it travels in the space between the _______ and ______ layers and is ultimately reabsorbed into the venous system.
- arachnoid and pia
- The CNS is covered by three membranous protective layers called _______.
- meninges
- Moving from innermost to outermost, the meminges are arranged in what order?
- pia, arachnoid, dura (i.e., "PAD")
- What plane has an orientation "toward the earth?"
- ventral (belly)
- What plane has an orientation "toward the sky?"
- Dorsal (back)
- What plane has an orientation "toward the snout?"
- Rostral (beak)
- What plane has an orientation "toward the tail?"
- Caudal (tail)
- In humans, the terms Ventral, Dorsal, Rostral, and Caudle apply as if the person is on all fours like a dog ____(above or below?)____ the midbrain?
- below
- In humans, the terms Ventral, Dorsal, Rostral, and Caudle apply to the brain as if the person is standing upright ____(above or below?)____ the midbrain?
- above
- Match the terms 1-4 with their corresponding locations A-D: 1=Anterior, 2=Posterior, 3=Superior, 4=Inferior; A=below, B=above, C=rear, D=forward/front
- 1=D, 2=C, 3=B, 4=A
- What are the three planes of section in CT and MRI?
- horizontal, coronal, sagittal