Kap Phys Ch. 1 Section 3
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- In what specific neurons is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine used in?
- all motor neurons, autonomic preganglionic neurons, postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, and some cells of the motor cortex and basal ganglia.
- Considering the neurotransmitters clearing from the synaptic cleft, what distinguishes achetylcholine from other neurotransmitters
- enzymatic destruction is a major factor terminating transmitter action.
- Which neurotransmitters are known as biogenic amines.
- norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, histimine
- What is the primary transmitter for postganglionic sympathetic neurons
- norepinephrine
- Which cells in the body release epinephrine?
- epinephrine is released by chromaffic cells of adrenal medulla
- Which biogenic amine is in high concentration in brain stem cells?
- seratonin
- Which biogenic amine is present in neurons of the hypothalamus
- histamine
- What is the major factor in the termination of transmitter action for the biogenic amines?
- reuptake by the presynaptic membrane
- What are two main amino acids that are main inhibitors of the CNS?
- Glycine and GABA
- Where is the function and locationof action of the glycine amino acid neurotransmitter?
- Glycine is an inhibitor transmitter in spinal interneurons
- Where is the function and locationof action of the GABA amino acid neurotransmitter?
- GABA is an inhibitor transmitter of the CNS
- What kind of potential do glycine and GABA create on their target neuron?
- GABA and glycine generate IPSP's via ligand-gated Cl- channels
- Which two amino acids are excitatory transmitters of the central nervous system?
- Glutamine and aspartate
- Where are peptide transmitters synthesized and where are nonpeptide neurotransmitters synthesized?
- nonpeptide transmitters are synthesized in nerve terminals but peptide transmitters are synthesized in the neuroncell body, pachaged in vesicles and then transported to nerve terminals
- Why is nitrous oxide a unique neurotransmitter?
- NO is lipid soluble and therefore cannot by packaged in vesicles or released by exocytosis⬦therefore it is SYNTHESIZED AS NEEDED!!!
- Is nitrous oxide (NO) an inhibitory or excititory NT and what nervous systmes is it found in?
- an inhibitory transmitter in the central and enteric nervous system.
- What are the main points to know about neuromodulators? (4 things)
- 1. not neurotransmitters 2. Alter the sensitivity of the synaptic membranes 3. are frequently peptides 4. Act at very low concentrations but have a long duration
- What are two methods of presynaptic inhibition?
- 1. Inhibitory neuron axon ending on presynaptic neuron axon and releasing GABA to stop flow if inward Calcium 2. On adrenergic neurons you have presynaptic Alpha 2 receptors which, when binded to norepinephrine inhibit the inflow of Calcium and thus prevent exocytosis of NT.