INS C
Terms
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- CABG
- Stands for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
- Café-au-lait spot
- A discoloration in the skin in the form of a light brown spot that occurs in the disease neurofibromatosis. This classically occurs in this illness.
- Cachexia
- A marked state of emaciated shin due to poor general health and malnutrition
- Callosal agenesis
- A partial agenesis of the corpus callosum which involves the posterior corpus callosum
- Callosal Apraxia
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A form of ideomotor apraxia involving difficulty executing motor sequencing of the left hand following lesions to the corpus callosum. Occurs from a disconnection of the
visuokinetic motor engrams of the left hemisphere. Occurs due to lesions affecting the anterior corpus callosum. Also called unilateral apraxia. - Callostomy a.k.a Commissurotomy
- Another name for a commissurotomy which is a procedure to separate the hemispheres in order to decrease the severity of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Most colostomies are partial and an anterior collostomy is performed which bears interhemispheric sensory communication
- Calvaria/calvarium
- The upper domelike portion of the skull
- CapGras Syndrome
- A delusional disorder where a familiar person is perceived as an impostor or a double. Associated with nondominant parietal lobe lesions.
- Results of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- This results in inadequate oxygenation which leads to initial damage in the Globus pallidus followed by generalized cerebral lesions
- Carotid Artery
- One of major arteries supplying blood to brain which bifurcates into internal carotid and external carotid
- Carotid Stenosis
- Due to atherosclerosis, the carotid artery narrows. This is measured by a sonography procedure. At times and complete occlusion this can be compensated for by collateral circulation from the ipsilateral external carotid and ophthalmic arteries or by intracranial cross flow from the contralateral internal carotid artery
- Carphologia
- Sometimes seen in Alzheimer's disease, the patient aimlessly plucks at clothing as if picking of threads. This is frequently accompanied by chewing movements
- Cataplexy
- Abrupt attack of muscle weakness and hypertonia triggered by an emotional stimuli or reactions such as laughter, anger, fear or surprise. Often associated with narcolepsy
- Catastrophic Reaction
- Excessive emotional reaction such as sadness, anxiety or agitation following a cerebral injury. This was first associated with left hemisphere lesions and aphasia although it can occur in any type of brain injury that prevents a adaptable response to stress
- Catecholamines
- Include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Chemical structure consists of a benzene ring with two at adjacent hydroxyl groups with ethylamine sidechain.
- Categorical Perception
- The perception that of distinct sounds resulting from a continuous change in physical characteristics of speech. For example although the sounds "ba" and "pa" differ in voice onset time there is a threshold of voice onset time change that alters the perception of the syllables from one sound to the other
- Cauda Equina
- The Spinal nerve roots descending the spinal canal below lumbar 1 and 2
- Caudate Nucleus
- A subcortical gray substance nucleus of the basal ganglia which along with the lentiform nuclei forms the corpus striatum often associated with parkinsonism. Atrophy in the head of nucleus is often seen in Huntington's disease.