Huntington's Disease
Terms
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- HD affects what structures most? the ____ which consists of the ____ and the _____, with the latter being affected most significantly
- certain basal ganglia structures: striatum (putamen + caudate nucleus)--caudate nucleus in particular; nucleus accumbens to a lesser extent
- what is the triad of clinical sxs found in HD (i.e. sxs in these 3 areas)?
- motor sx, cognitive sx, behavioral sx (to be elaborated in following cards)
- name some of the motor sxs seen in HD
- involuntary movements (usu. choreiform); unsteady gait (appear intoxicated); abnormalities in eye movements; difficulty with speech and swallowing
- name some bx changes in HD
- personality change, depression, mood swings
- name some npsych findings in HD when progressed (as with other subcortical dementias): deficits in the domains of ___ and ___, difficulty with the ____ aspect of memory, and ____aphasia
-
executive fxs, attention;
retrieval (recognition mem. rel. preserved); anomic - on what criterion does the dx of HD traditionally rest?
- emergence of chorea (choreiform movement d/o)
- HD is a (static/progressive) illness that is (lethal/nonlethal) with a usual onset in the __ to __ decades
- progressive (of course, as a neurodegenerative illness), lethal, 3rd to 5th
- what tx helps to delay onset/slow decline in HD? what tx may help with chorea sxs?
- there is none presently; antidopaminergic agents
- mood disorders occur in approx(1/4, 1/2, 3/4) of pts with HD
- 1/2
- Huntington Study Group created the HD battery UHDRS, assessing motor, cog, bx and functional sxs. Includes these 3 tests, which are among those that are sensitive to basal ganglia dysfx:
- Stroop, Digit Symbol, Verbal Fluency
- initial sxs in HD usually include subtle ___ and motor ______, and disturbances in ____
- chorea, clumsiness, behavior
- common pyschiatric manifestations of HD include _____ disorders, _____ disorder, and/or impulsive or destructive ____-like behavior
- affective, obs.compulsive, manic
- atrophy of the caudate and putamen in HD can cause the __________ to appear enlarged in MRI or CT scans
- lateral ventricles