Nutritional Deficiencies
Terms
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- What exactly are vitamins?
- Vitamins are substances that the human body requires but is unable to synthesize and therefore, must obtain externally.
- Which four vitamins, when deficient in the human body, have been found to cause neurological disorders?
- Deficiencies in three B vitamins, B1 or thiamine, B3 or niacin and B12 or cobalamin are known to cause neurological disorders.
- Match the following disorders of beriberi, pellagra and pernicious anemia with the corresponding vitamin deficiency of Cobalmin, Niacin, Thiamine.
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Thiamine deficiency: beriberi
Niacin deficiency: pellagra
Cobalmin deficiency: pernicious anemia - List a mnemonic that helps to recall the B vitamins
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B Vitamins
"Train private-first class"
"TRN PFC"
B1 - T hiamine
B2 - R iboflavin
B3 - N iacin (nicotinic acid)
B6 - P yridoxine
B9 - F olic acid
B12 - C yanocobalamin - List a mnemonic for recalling the fat soluble vitamins
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Fat-soluble Vitamins
ADEK
Vitamins A,D,E, and K - Low levels of B12 have been associated with what cognitive deficit in elederly nondemented persons?
- Reduced speed of information processing (on a coding task).
- Folate deficiency can result in what type of mental condition?
- Progressive mental deterioration with concomitant cerebral atrophy.
- Folate deficiency can give rise to what types of neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric symptoms?
- A variety of them including: abnormal sensory/reflexes; impaired cocnentration, abstract reasoning & memory and depression.
- Folate deficiency is most likely seen in what populations?
- The elderly and incapacitated persons whose dietary habits or opportunities are poor.
- When severe, can folate deficiency present as dementia?
- Yes.
- In patients with folate deficiency, can folate replacement therapy help cognitive function?
- Yes. Significant improvements on neuropsych measures have been noted after folate replacement.
- Wha sorts of foods can ward off folate deficiency?
- Greens (lettuce and other vegetables).
- Folate deficiency is also a risk for what other potential neurological problem/event?
- Stroke or cardiovascular disease.
- Is there research evidence that increasing folate can reduce the incidence of stroke?
- Yes, (Wolf, 1997)
- What condition affords NPists an opportunity to observe how malnutrition can affect the mature CNS of young adults?
- Eating disorders. Especially anorexia nervosa.
- Has research noted any evidence for NP deficits in anorexic women?
- Yes. A variety of mild impairments in slowed reaction time, reduced short-term memory and retrieval deficits have been noted.
- Will anorexic patients fully return to normal in all aspects of cognition after restoring adequate nutrition?
- This is still an open question with some studies researching this still note some residual deficits.
- Do elderly persons who were malnourished produce cognitive deficit profiles similar to those produced by anorexics?
- Yes. Elderly persons malnourished showed deficits on measures of abstract reasoning and memory.