Chem 1405 CH.1-5
Terms
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- homogeneous mixture
- A mixture that contains only one visually distinguishable phase (part), which has uniform properties throughout.
- intensive property
- A property that is independent of the amount of substance present.
- liquid
- The physical state characterized by both an indefinite shape and a definite volume; the physical state characterized by potential energy (cohesive forces) and kinetic energy (disruptive forces) of about the same magnitude.
- matter
- Anything that has mass and occupies space.
- mixture
- A physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.
- physical change
- A process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition.
- physical property
- A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.
- properties
- The distinguishing characteristics of a substance, which are used in its identification and description.
- pure substance
- A single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kind s of matter using physical means.
- solid
- The physical state characterized by both a definite shape and a definite volume; the physical state characterized by a dominance of potential energy (cohesive forces) or kinetic energy (disruptive forces).
- atom
- The smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element.
- atomic mass
- The relative mass of an average atom of an elements on a scale using the 126C atomas the reference
- atomic number
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- atomic theory of matter
- A set of five statements that summarizes modern-day scientific thought about atoms.
- chemical formula
- A notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts (located to the right of each chemical symbol) that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a structural unit of the compound.
- diatomic molecule
- A molecule that contains tow atoms.
- electron
- A subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge.
- element
- A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by ordinary chemical means. A pure substance in which all atoms present have the same atomic number; that is, all atoms have the same number of protons.
- heteroatomic molecule
- A molecule in which two or more different kinds of atoms are present.
- homoatomic molecule
- A molecule in which to or more different kinds of atoms are present.
- isobars
- Atoms that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers
- isotopes
- Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electons but different numbers of neutrons.
- mass number
- The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- molecule
- A group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together.
- neutron
- A subatomic particle that is neutral, that is, has no charge.
- nucleon
- Any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
- nucleus
- The small, dense, positively charged center of an atom that contains an atom’s protons and neutrons.
- percent abundance
- The percent of atoms in a natural sample of a pure element that are a particular isotope of the element.
- proton
- A subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge. subatomic particle – A particle smaller than an atom that is a building block from which the atom is made.
- triatomic molecule
- A molecule that contains three atoms.
- chemical change
- A process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition.
- chemical property
- A characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to from a new substance.
- chemical reaction
- A process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change.
- chemical symbol
- A one- or two-letter designation for an element derived from the element’s name.
- chemistry
- The scientific discipline concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter.
- compound
- A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means.
- extensive property
- A property that depends on the amount of substance present.
- gas
- The physical state characterized by both an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume; the physical state characterized by a complete dominance of kinetic energy (cohesive forces) over potential energy(cohesive forces).
- heterogeneous mixture
- A mixture that contains two or more visually distinguishable phases (parts), each of which has different properties.