Adult nursing 1 2
Terms
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- Chronic pain
-
all over body
6 months or more
dull aches
normal VS
fatigue, hopelessness - Margo McCaffey
- "pain is whatever the pt says it is, existing whenever the pt says it does"
- Opioids
-
(morphine, demerol, fetanyl)
added to nonopioids to control
no cieling effect
opioid antagonist(reverse)
side effects:
sedation, resp deprs. constip)
- Nonopiods
-
(tylenal, advul, motrin...)
1st used
have a cieling effect
no tolerance/dependance NSAIDs and acetaminophen - Adjuvents
-
(steriods, anti-deprs anti-siezure)
meds that potentiate the effects of opioids and nonopoids - Pain management
-
often inadequete and undertreated
assessment is ongoing
- Physiologic symptoms
-
bld pressure
pupils
heart rate -
cieling effect
- more then recommended does will not help more
- Theory of pain
- Gate control
- Pharmacologic pain mngmnt
-
nonopioids
opioids
adjuvents - Acute pain
-
localized
6 months or less
sharp and diminish as heals
high BP and resp rate, dilate pupils
cry, moan, frown, complain - Purpose of pain
- to tell something is wrong with body, reactions, reflexes...
- Analgesic
- substance to relieve pain
- 2 ways of pain management
- pharmacologic(drugs) and nonpharmacologic(therapy)
- Types of pain
-
Acute
Chronic -
Routes for med administration
-
oral
rectal
inhale
transdermal
IM, IV, SQ, PCA(pt control)
intraspinal(epidural...) - Assessement of pain
-
location
onset and duration
intensity
aggravating and alleviating
myths and barriors to mgmnt
(nurse resp: meds?, which?, changes?) - NSAIDs
-
anti-inflammatory
nonopiods
side effects:
GI irratation and bleeding
- NonPharmacologic
-
(non drug therapy)
relaxation, teaching
distraction, accupuncture
humor, TENS unit
massage, guided imagery