Antiparastics 2
Terms
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- What is the most common protozoa in veterinary medicine?
- coccidia
- What genus of coccidia are dogs and cats infected with?
- genus Isospora
- How can one identify the coccidia agent in dogs and cats?
- fecal floatation
- When is disease seen in dogs and cats with coccidia infection?
- animals have suboptimal nutrition, immune status or stress
- What is the treatment of choice for small animals with coccidia infection?
- sulfonamides, single agent- sulfadimethoxine
- What potentiated sulfonamides are used for the treatment of coccidia in small animals?
-
sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim
sulfadiazine/trimethoprim
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim - Why is prolonged treatment required with sulfonamides for coccidia infection treatment?
- because the sulfonamides are primarily effective against the shizont stage
- What is the MOA of trimethoprim/ormetoprim tx of coccidia?
- blocks hihydrofolate reductase in folic acid synthesis; synergistic with sulfonamides
- How is trimethoprim/ormetoprim excreted?
- hydroxyalated and excreted through the urine
- What is the effects of sulfa toxicity?
-
1.crystallization in urinary tract-crystalluria-hematuria and urinary obstruction
2. nephrotoxic
3. thrombocytopenia/leukopenia
4. hypersensitivity rxn/drug fever/uticaria/nonseptic polyarthritis - What single agent sulfonamide is used for the treatment of coccidia?
- sulfadimethoxine
- How long should treatment be continued with sulfadimethoxine?
- 12 to 21 days
- What route of administration is the most effective route for sulfadimethoxine?
- oral route, though can be also given as an injectable
- What are the contraindications of administering Sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim?
- don't give if hepatic damage/blood dyscrasias or previous sulfonamide sensitivity
- What potentiated sulfonamide is approved in humans?
- sulfonamide/trimethoprim, example: sulfamehtoxazole/trimethoprim
- What drug competes with thiamine for absorption into the parasite?
- amprolium
- Is amprolium better used as a preventative of treatment?
- preventative
- What defiency can be seen with administration of amprolium?
- thiamine deficiency
- What are some signs seen in dogs with toxoplasmosis?
- neurologic, seizures, fever, tonsilties, tremor, ataxia
- What are some signs seen in cats with toxoplasmosis?
- anorexia, lethargy, dyspnea, weight loss, icterus, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff gait, uveitis, central nervous system involvement, death
- What drug is used to treat Toxoplasmosis?
- Clindamycin
- What agent causes severe fatal pseudomembranous enterocolitis in humans?
- Clostridium difficile
- Sulfa plus Pyrimehtamine is structurally similiar to what drug?
- folic acid antagonist trimethoprim
- What is Pyrimethamine used to treat?
- used to treat toxoplasmosis and EPM
- Pyrimethamine and sulfa are used in conjugation with what agent?
- Brewers yeat
- What can pyrimethamine and sulfa cause?
- anorexia, depression, and myelosuppression