PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, LITHOSPHERE
Terms
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- AGGRADATION
- THE PROCESS OF BUILDING UP AND LEVELING A LAND SURFACE BY DEPOSITION OF WEATHERED MATERIAL
- PLUG (LAVA) DOME
- SMALL, STEEP SIDES, NOT SYMMETRICAL, FELSIC ERUPTIONS THEREFORE VERY VIOLENT, FOUND AT AREAS OF SUBDUCTION AND ON COMPOSITE VOLCANOS
- ANTICLINE
- AN UPWARD CRUSTAL FOLD OF THE EARTH SURFACES RESULTING IN A HILL AND MOUNTAIN RIDGES AND USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCLINES
- CINDER VOLCANO
- SMALLEST VOLCANO FORM, DEVELOPS FROM THE ACCUMULATION OF SMALL PIECES OF POROUS ROCK AROUND AN EXPLOSIVE VENT, STEEPEST ANGLE OF REPOSE OF ALL VOLCANIC TYPES
- CLASTIC ROCK
- SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, THAT FORM BY CEMENTATION OF ROCK PARTICLES
- COMPOSITE VOLCANO
- LARGE VOLCANIC CONE MADE UP OF ALTERNATING LAYERS OF LAVA AND PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL, LARGER THAN A CINDER CONE AND A LOWER ANGLE OF REPOSE, INDICATIVE OF ALTERNATING GENTLE AND VIOLENT ERUPTIONS
- CORE
- EARTH'S CENTRE, IRON AND NICKEL, THE INNER CORE IS SOLID AND THE OUTER CORE IS LIQUID
- DEGRADATION
- RESULT OF CUTTING AND REMOVAL OF SURFACE ROCK MATERIAL TO A LOWER LEVEL BY THE AGENTS OF EROSION
- FAULT
- A BREAK IN TEH EARTH'S CRUSTAL ROCK WITH DISPLACEMENT ON ONE SIDE OF THE BLOCK IN RELATION TO THE ADJACENT BLOCK
- FOLDING
- THE SLOW BENDING OF PLANAR ROCK STRUCTURES AS A RESULT OF LIFTING OR OPPSOING LATERAL FORCES BEING EXERTED ON THE ROCK
- GRABEN
- AN ELONGATED ROCK STRUCTURE THAT HAS DROPPED RELATIVE TO THE SURROUNDING AREAS DUE TO PARALLEL FAULTING AT EACH SIDE OF THE BLOCK. RESULT IS AN ELONGATED VALLEY USUALLY WITH WELL DEFINED SIDES
- HORST
- AN ELONGATED BLOCK OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IS UPLIFTED COMPARED TO THE SURROUNDING AREA USUALLY WITH WELL DEFINED SIDES
- MAGMA
- ROCK AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES IN A MOLTEN STATE BENEATH THE SURFACE
- MINERAL
- NATURALLY OCCURING, INORGANIC ELEMENT OR COMPOUND WITH SPECIFIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CONSTANT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
- MOHO
- THIN, SEISMIC TRANSITION ZONE BETWEEN THE EARTH'S CRUST AND THE MANTLE
- NON CLASTIC ROCK
- MINERAL MATTER PRECIPITATED FROM CHEMICAL SOLUTION OR FROM ORGANIC OCCURENCE, EG. LIMESTONE AND COAL
- ROCK
- A NATURALLY OCCRUING AGGREGATE MATERIAL OF THE EARTH'S CRUST THAT IS COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE MINERALS
- SHIELD VOLCANO
- LARGEST VOLCANO TYPE, LOW IN PROFILE, COMPOSED OF SOLIDIFIED LAVAS COVERS A LARGE AREA, NOT ASSOCIATED WITH EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS
- SIAL
- SILICA AND ALUMINUM, GRANATIC ROCK LAYER, MAKES UP CONTINENTAL CRUST
- SIMA
- SILICA, MAGNESIUM, BASALTIC LAYER, MAKES UP OCEANIC CRUST
- SYNCLINE
- DOWNWARD CRUSTAL FOLD IN THE EARTH'S SURACE RESULTING IN VALLEYS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTICLINES
- TECTONIC
- THE PROCESS OF THE DEFORMATION OF THE EARTH'S CRUSTAL STRUCTURES BY FOLDING AND FAULTING
- GUTENBERG DISCONTINITY
- LAYER WHICH SERPERATES THE CORE FROM THE MANTLE
- LITHOSPHERE
- UPPERMOST MANTLE AND CRUST
- LITHIFICATION
- PROCESS WHERE SEDIMENT BECOMES BURIED BY MORE LAYERS OF SEDIMENT AND IS COMPACTED INTO A ROCK
- HOT SPOT
- A volcanic area on the surface of the Earth created by a rising plume of magma.
- ASTHENOSPHERE
- PLASTIC LIKE ZONE OF MATERIAL BELOW THE LITHOSPHERE IN THE UPPER MANTLE OVER WHICH TECTONIC PLACES OF THE CRUST SLIDE
- CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
-
2 PLATES COLLIDE, HEAVIER PLATE IS SUBDUCTED,
CREATES EARTHQUAKES, ISLAND CHAINS - CRUST
- 3-40 MILES THICK, OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST
- DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
- PLATES SEPERATION AND CREATE A RIFT WHERE MOLTEN MAGMA FLOWS THE THE SURFACE AND SOLIDIFIES
- EARTHQUAKE
- SUDDEN BREAKING AND SHIFTING OF EARTH'S CRUSTAL MATERIAL RESULTING IN VIBRATION AND SHOCK WAVES PRODUCED WHEN ENERGY IS RELEASED BY TE SHIFTING ROCK MASS
- EXTRUSIVE
- SOLIDIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCK MATERIAL ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE
- INTRUSIVE
- SOLIDIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCK MATERIAL UNDER THE EARTH'S SURFACE
- METAMORPHIC
- ROCK THAT HAS CHANGED ITS PHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND/OR CHEMICAL MAKEUP, WHILST IN A SOLID STATE, DUE TO PRESSURE AND/OR AN ALTERED CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
- PANGEA
- THE THEORETICAL ORIGINAL CONTINENT OF THE EARTH THAT SUBDIVIDED INTO LAURASIA AND GONDWANA
- PLATE TECTONICS
- THEORY THAT THE LITHOSPHERE IS COMPOSED OF LARGE CRUSTAL STRUCTURES CALLED PLATES THAT ARE IN CONSTANT MOTION AND CARRYING THE CONTINENTAL LANDMASS
- SEDIMENTARY ROCK
- ROCK FORMED THROUGH THE PROCESS OF LITHIFICATION FROM ACCUMULATED ROCK PARTICLES AND FRAGMENTS
- SUBDUCTION
- OCEANIC CRUSTAL PLATE IS FORCED BENEATH THE LIGHTER CONTINENTAL PLATE WHEN THEY CONVERGE