Stress/Strain/Earthquakes
Terms
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- the force
- stress
- the response -rock change
- strain
- shortening strain
- compressive stress
- stretching or extensional strain
- tensional stress
- shear strain
- shear stress
-
Bends in Ductile rocks
-Compressive stress
-beds are folded - Plastic Stress
-
Breaks strain
-joint strains in limestone for ex: faults with movement - Brittle Stress
-
-Convergent late boundary
-Folding strain
-Reverse Fault-Strain - Compression stress
-
-Divergent Plate Boundary
-Normal Fault Strain (rift) - Tension stress
-
-Transform Plate Boundary
-Strike Slip Fault Strain - Shearing Stress
-
line of intersection of dipping bed with a horizontal plane.
-Orient to the North Compass director - Strike
-
the down dip direction
-always perpendicular to the strike line - Dip
- angle from the horizontal plane
- Angle of dip
-
-S and D "T" symbol
-Degree - Symbols on Geologic map
-
-Strains from Comression Stress
-Anticlines
-Synclines
-Monoclines - Folds
- up folds
- Anticlines
- down folds
- Synclines
- sudden release of energry stored in rocks released as seismic waves
- Earthquakes
-
-fault motion
-tectonic forces - Elastic Rebound Theory
- Also associated with volcanic activity
- Earthquakes
-
-Focus
-Epicenter
-Body Waves
-Surface waves - Seismic Waves
- can pass through solids and fluids
- Primary (P) Waves
-
-slower
-can pass through solids only - Seconday (S) Waves
-
-most damaging
-love waves
-Rayleigh waves - Surface Waves
- seismograph, seismogram
- seismometer
-
-Travel-time curves
-Depth of focus - Determining Location
-
-Log scale 0-9
-Magnitude increase by more! - Richter Scale
-
-P-wave shadow zone
-S-wave shadow zone
-Liquid Outer core
-solid inner core - The Core (Earth's Internal Structure)
-
-Ultramafic Rock
-Lithosphere
-Asthenosphere
-Lower mantle - The Mantle
- Low Velocity Zone
- Asthenosphere
- Crust and uppermost mantle
- Lithosphere
- 85% of quakes
- Circum-Pacific Belt
- Himalayan Belt
- Mediterranean
- Shallow Focus
- Mid-oceanic ridge
-
shallow/too deep
-extend from trenches beneath continents or island arcs - Benioff zones
-
-intensity
-location and size of earthquakes in US - Measuring size of an earthquake
- -I to XII (measures size of earthquake)
- Modified Mercalli Scale