Islamic Culture
This is a set about the early days of Islam. It includes information about Islamic rulers, cities, and different Key Points of Islam. Please enjoy and there will be more to come.
Terms
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- Islam
- a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad; "submission to God"
- Muslim
- a believer in Islam
- nomad
- a member of a group that moves from place to place following food, water, and grazing land for their herd
- prayer
- the second of the five pillars that means that Muslims must pray five times a day. Muslims kneel facing the Ka'bah in Mecca when praying.
- caliph
- the successor to Muhammad as political leader of the Muslim community; the civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state
- Uthman
- chosen by a council as the third caliph and was murdered by an angry mob after 12 years
- pilgrimage
- a journey to a sacred place or shrine
- Imam
- title given by Shiites, Ali is the first one, means divinely guided successor of Muhammad. Means spiritual authority
- hanif
- arabs who believe in one God
- tribe
- any system of social organization made up of villages, bands, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culture, and name
- Petra
- an ancient city that thrived in the northeast corner of the Arabian peninsula
- Quraysh
- a local tribe in Mecca that became the keepers of the Ka'bah. Gave them prestige and power
- water
- major influence of population and migration
- Qur'an
- the sacred book of Islam that is believed to contain the revelations made to Muhammad by Allah through the angel Gabriel
- Ali
- ruled as fourth caliph for 5 years, then was murdered
- the Five Pillars
- the five things that Muslims must practice throughout their lives; most important things
- idol
- an image used as an object of worship
- Mecca
- a major trade city and religious center
- profession of faith
- the first of the five pillars that means to express their acceptance of Islam, Muslims repeat the phrase, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet."
- mosque
- a Muslim house of worship
- jihad
- "to struggle" to do ones best to resist temptation and overcome evil
- Shiite
- a member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors
- shaikh
- tribal elder who settles disputes between tribes and family
- Umar
- chosen by Abu Bakr as the second successor; ruled for 10 years
- Sunni
- the branch of Islam that follows the caliphs elected to succeed Muhammad
- Muawiya
- took over in 661, after Ali's death
- polytheism
- belief in more than one God
- ritual fast during ramadan
- the fourth of the five pillars that means the ninth month of the Muslim year. During Ramadan, Muslims must not eat or drink from the break of dawn until the setting of the sun
- Sunna
- traditional Islamic conduct observed by orthodox Muslims, based on the example of Muhammad
- the Dome of the Rock
- a monumental building in Jerusalem where Muhammad is believed to have ascended into heaven
- giving alms
- the third of the five pillars that means showing charity to the poor
- irragation
- bringing water to a place
- suq
- an open-air marketplace
- Ubar
- only one of the many settlements located on the Arabian peninsula
- monotheism
- belief in one God
- Hijrah
- the migration to Medina in 622 that marks the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar
- Ka'bah
- a cube-shaped shrine supposedly built by Abraham
- Hajj
- the fifth of the five pillars that means the pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims who can afford it must make it at least once.
- council
- an assembly called to help pick the next Muslim caliph
- hadith
- the words and deeds of Muhammad that were passed down in oral form
- oasis
- a small area in a desert that is watered by springs or wells
- Abu Bakr
- Muhammad's father-in-law that was named the first caliph and ruled for two years