psych final
Terms
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- Karen Horney
- came up with basic anxiety and neurotic personality
- dsm-iv
- states that "there is no assumption that each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries..." but isolated, low-grade and noncriterion (unlisted for a given disorder) symptoms are not given importance
- bf skinner
- gave learning of voluntary behavior a special name called operant conditioning,the heart of perant conditioning is the effects of consequences on behavior
- organogenesis
- is the process by which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
- Reality Principle
- principle by which the ego functions disatisfaction of the demands of the id only with very few external ques
- sternberg's theory of love
- individuals have two different triangles of love: the triangle that characterizes their current relationship, and the triangle of their ideal relationship. Sternberg reports that the most successful couples occur when the two individuals have more compatible triangles.
- groupthink
- kind of thinikng that occurs when people place more importance on maintaing group cohesiveness than on assing the faults of the problem with which the group is concerned
- rorschach
- developed a projective test using ink blots
- Progesterone
- Female sex hormone that induces secretory changes in the lining of the uterus essential for successful implantation of a fertilized egg. Synthetic compounds with progesterone like activity have been developed that, along with estrogen, are used in oral contraceptives.
- Brain plasticity
- the ability of this structure to constantly change both the structure and function of many cell in response to experience and trauma
- mood disorder
- disorder in which mood is severely disturbed
- statistically significant
- refering to differences in data sets that are larger than chance variation would predict
- correlation cooficient
- represents direction of relationship and its strength
- biomedical Therapies
- a medical procedure to bring about changes in the persons disordered behavior
- GABA
- an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
- wilhelm wundt
- came up with objective introspection, a process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities
- unconditional positive regard
- referring to the warmth,respect and accepting atmoshere created by the therapist for the client in client centered therapy
- trait theorist
- theories that endeavor that describe the characteristics that make up human personality in effort to predict future behavior
- benzodiazephines
- a minor tranquilizer used to lower stress and anxiety
- Cognitive maps
- Collection of beliefs, experiences, and information that a person uses to orient himself or herself within an environment such as a social setting.
- sterotype
- a set of characterisitcs that people beleieve that is shared by all members of particular social category
- biomedical model
- model of explaining behavior cause by biological changes in chemical,structural or genetic systems of the body
- limbic systems
- the structures that are found in the inner margin of the upper brain, includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala
- personality disorders
- disorders in which a person adopts a persisitent,rigid a maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal, social interactions
- Carol Gilligan
- is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist best known for her work with and against Lawrence Kohlberg on ethical community and ethical relationships, and certain subject-object problems in ethics.
- Parietal Lobe
- lobe just behind the frontal lobe; processes info such as touch, temp., and body position
- cross-sectional research
- research design in which several different age groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time
- brain aggression area
- the amygadala
- howard gardner
- Gardner first laid out the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) in his book Frames of Mind. Gardner's claim is that pencil and paper IQ tests do not capture the full range of human intelligences, and that we all have individual profiles of strengths and weaknesses across multiple intelligence dimensions.
- independent variable
- variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experiment
- object permanence
- develops in infants around age 2, the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not there
- Attribution Theory
- theory of how people explain why things happen and why people choose particular explanations for their behavior
- freud
- believed there were layers of consciousness in the mind:conscience,preconscious and unconscience
- cognitive dissonance
- sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a persons behavior does not correspond to that persons attitudes
- defense mechanisms
- ways of dealing with stress thru unconscience distorting ones perception of realty
- neurotrasmitters
- chemical found in synaptic vesicles that when released has an effect on next cell
- sexual orientation
- a persons sexual attraction preference of members of a particular sex
- operant conditioning
- the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
- milgram
- measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.
- formal operational stage
- piagets last stage of cognitive development in which the adolescent become capabale of abstract thinking
- antagonist
- a chemical substance that blocks or reduces a cells response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters
- memory/limbic systems
- involved in emotions,motivations and learning
- evolutionary psychologist basis
- study of the evolutionary origins of human behavior
- Self-Efficacy
- persons perception of how effective a behavior will be in a certain circumstance
- rem sleep
- active type of sleep when most of a persons dreams take place.non rem is much deeper,restful type of sleep
- Cognitive Restructuring
- The process of replacing the client's maladaptive thoughts with more constructive ways of thinking.
- basic anxiety
- anxiety created when child is born into the more big, powerful world of older children and adults
- synesthesia
- condition where sensations like color, taste , touch, etc. go to places in the brain that they weren't meant to go,
- classical conditioning
- learning to make a reflex response to a stimulis other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex
- selye's gas model
- three stages of dealing w/stress:alarm,resistance and exhaustion
- humanistic theory
- the third force in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquley human such as, subjective feeling and freedom of choice