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MIC 201 Ch4 Definitions

Terms

undefined, object
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Light microscope
look at intact cells
Electron microscope
look at internal structure or details of cell surfaces
Resolution
the ability to distinguish two adjacent points as separate
Bright-field microscope
consists of objective lens and ocular lens which function together to resolve (clear up) the image
Product
total magnification of objective and ocular lenses; limited by resolution
Numerical aperture
a measure of light-gathering ability
oil-immersion lenses
lenses that uses oil
dye
organic compounds; cationic (positively charged) and combine strongly with negatively charged cellular constituents
phase contrast microscope
improve contrast between cells and the surrounding medium, making it possible to see cells without staining them
dark-field microscope
lighting system modified to reach specimen from the sides only so it appears light on a dark background; see motility of microbe
differential stains
used in procedures that do not stain all kinds of cells equally
gram stain
divide gram-positive from gram-negative
gram-negative
a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall contains relatively little peptidoglycan but contains an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and other complex macromolecules
gram-positive
a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall consists chiefly of peptioglycan and lacks the outer membrane of gram-negative
peptidoglycan
a polysaccharide composed of alternating repeats of acetylglucosamine and acetyllmuramic acid with the latter in adjecent layers cross-linked by short peptides
fluorescence microscope
used to visualize specimens that fluoresce (emit light of one color when light of another color shines upon them)
differential interference contrast (DIC)
form of light microscopy that employs (uses) a polarizer to produce polarized light
atomic force microscope
a tiny stylus is positioned extremely close to the specimen such that weak repulsive atomic forces are established btween the probe and the specimen
confocal scanning laser microscopy
computerized microscope that couples a laser light source to a light microscope
transmission electron microscope
electrons are used and electromagnets function as lenses
scanning electron microscope
electron beam scans back and forth
morphology
shape of organism
coccus/cocci
spherical or ovoid
rod
cylindrical shape
spirilla
curved rods that spiral
spirochetes
tightly coiled bacteria
appendaged and budding bacteria
extension to cells; hypha and stalk
filamentous bacteria
long, thin cells or chains of cells

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