overview of cells
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- structural units of all living things
- cells
- about how many cells do we have
- 50 to 100 trillion
- Hooke said all living things are composed of cells
- f
- what are the four concepts of cell theory
-
a cell is the structural unit of all living things
an organisms activity depends on the individual and the collective activities of its cells,
biochemical activities of cells are dictated by subcellular structures
life continues cuz of cells - biochemical activies of cells are determined by subcellular structures, what is this called
- principle of complementarity
- loss of cellular homeostasis underlies some diseases
- F, all disease
- a cell's shape reflects its
- function
- All cells have the same basic parts
- T
- what is a composite cell
- a generallized cell, like the drawing of your typical cell in the book
- some organelles are enclosed in a membrane
- F, nearly all
- why is it called the fluid mosaic model?
- a thin layer of repeating molecules has embedded proteins that have a constantly changing mosaic pattern
- of the fatty substances, what are the basic chemicals they are composed of
- phospholipds, cholesterol, and glycolipids
- what part of the phospholipid likes water
- the head, the tail is fat loving
- the main constituent of extracellular fluid is
- water
- all biological membranes form a sandwich like structure
- T
- can the cell membrane self assemble itself easily when disturbed
- yes cuz the hydrophobic tales position themselves away from the water
- the majority of membrane phospholipids are saturated
- f, unsaturated
- what are glycolipds
- phospholipids with a sugar group attached
- where do you find glycolipds
- on the outside of the cell membrane
- 20% of the cell membrane is ...while 5% of it is
- 20% cholesterol, 5% glycolipds
- what are lipid rafts
- quilt like patches of phosphlipds that are saturated and therefore more stable and less fluid
- lipid rafts are areas for .....
- cell signalling
- half of the cell membrane mass
- protein
- what molecules are responsible for most of the activity of a cell membrane
- proteins
- most integral proteins are
- transmembrane proteins and protude on both sides
- all transmembrane proteins have ... and .... regions
- hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
- what functions do transmembrane proteins have
- carriers, channels, relay messages (signal transduction)
- peripheral proteins are embedded in the lipid
- False, attach loosely to integral proteins or membrane lipds
- what functions do peripheral proteins do
- enzymes or mechanical functions like cell shape or contraction, or link cells
- what kind of proteins are common out extracellular space
- glycoproteins
- carbohydrate rich area at the cell surface
- glycocalyx
- the glycocalyx are different for each cell type
- t
- glycocalyx can serve as biological markers
- T
- the plasma membrane is not a dynamic structure and is relatively constant
- F, dynamic fluid like olive oil
- what kind of movements can the phospholipids do
- cannot flip flop, but can move from side to side
- increase the surface of the plasma membrane
- microvili
- fingerlike extensions of the plamsma membrane
- microvili
- how can cells stick together
- glycocalyx, membrane junctions, wavy contours of the membrane, fit like two pieces of puzzle
- in a tight junction what is holding the cells fused together
- integral proteins
- is the tight junction permeable
- no
- what are the three types of cell junctions
- tight, gap, and desmosomes
- describe a desmosome junction
- kinda like two cells held together by stiches, like teeth of a zipper (linker protein molecules)
- in additon to the linker proteins joining these cells what other function does it serve
- to distribute tension to avoid stuff from pulling
- what kinds of cells u see desmosomes in
- heart, muscles, tissues subject to great mechanical stress
- are gap junctions really tight
- no, let stuff pass through
- how are cells connected at gap junctions
- by tubes call connexons
- where do u find gap junctions
- in electrically excitable tissues
- what is interstitial fluid
- extracellular fluid
- what can u find in extracellular fluid
- vitamins, fatty acids, wastes, hormones, sugars, amino acids, salts,