PE Lab #1
Terms
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- Sagittal
- Divides body into right and left portions
- Frontal plane
- divides body into anterior and posterior portions
- transverse plane
- divides body into superior and inferior portions
- superior
- nearer to the head
- inferior
- nearer to the feet
- anterior
- nearer to the front
- posterior
- nearer to the back
- medial
- nearer to the middle
- lateral
- farther from the middle
- proximal
- nearer to the trunk or origin
- distal
- farther from the trunk or origin
- superficial
- nearer to or on the surface
- deep
- farther down from the surface
- external
- toward or on the exterior
- internal
- toward or in the interior
- flexion
- bending or decreasing angle between body parts
- extension
- straightening or increasing angle between body parts
- abduction
- moving away from the midline of body
- adduction
- moving towards the midline (adding to the body)
- rotation
- moving around the long axis
- circumduction
- circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
- eversion
- moving sole of foot away from mid-line of body (hard to do)
- inversion
- moving sole of foot toward mid-line of body (foot stretch)
- supination
- rotating forearm and hand laterally (bowl of soup)
- pronation
- rotating forearm and hand medially. (palm down)
- protrusion
- moving anteriorly (tongue out)
- retrustion
- moving posteriorly (tongue in)
- protraction
- moving anteriorly (reaching out, or push up)
- retraction
- moving posteriorly (pulling hand back, reverse pushup)
- elevation
- moving superiorly (shrug)
- depression
- moving inferiorly (relax shoulders)
- Types of Joints
- fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
- fibrous
-
bone ends/parts united by collagenic fibers
immobile or slightly mobile - cartilaginous
-
bone ends/parts united by cartilage
immoble or slightly movable - synovial
-
bone ends/parts covered with articular cartilage and enclosed within an articular capsul lined with synovial membrane
freely movable - Type of synovial joins
-
planar
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket - Pivot
- Interface between a rounded/conical surface and a ring"sleeve" surface
- Planar
- interface between two flat articular surfaces
- Hinge
- interface between a convex/cylindreical surface and a concave/cylindrical groove
- condyloid
- interface between an oval surface and a complementary concave surface
- saddle
- interface between two surfaces both having convex and concave features
- ball and socket
- interface between a spherical surface and a complementary concave surface
- Atlanto-occipital
-
condyloid joint
atlas and occipital
flexion - extension - circumduction - atlanto-axial
-
pivot joint
atlas and axis
rotation - between adjacent vertebral bodies
-
cartilaginous joint
slight movement - between articular facets
-
planar joint
gliding - sternocostal
-
cartilaginous joint
sternum and costal
no movement - vertebrocostal
-
planar joint
thoracic vertebrae and ribs
gliding - sacroiliac
-
planar joint
sacrum and ilium
gliding