Comp review- chem panel
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Why are chemistry panels done(4)?
- general screen, confirm/rule out specific dz, monitor clinical conditions, ER medicine therapy
- What is a chemistry profile?
- a group of chemical tests appropriate fora given species and a given organ
- On what type of sample are chem panels usually done?
- plasma or serum, usually serum
- What kind of tubes are used to collect a serum sample?
- red or red marble (gel separator)
- What is the color of a normal serum sample?
- clear to straw colored
- What color is an icteric serum sample?
- strong gold/yellow/amber
- What color is a hemolyzed serum sample?
- red/pink
- What color is a lipemic sample?
- milky/white
- 3 mls of blood yields ___ of serum
- 1 ml
- Always draw enough blood to run ___ tests
- two
- A delay in centrifugation can result in lower blood ____ & ___ levels
- glucose and ammonia
- What is ALT?
- Alanine transferase
- What is AST?
- Aspartate transferase
- What is SDH?
- Sorbitol dehydrogenase
- What is GD?
- Glutamic dehydrogenase
- What is ALP?
- Alkaline phosphatase
- What is BUN?
- Blood Urea Nitrogen
- What tests are useful in the dx of liver dz (specific according to packet)?
- ALT, AST, SDH, GD
- What tests indicate cholestasis (back-up of bile (liver)) when values are above normal?
- ALP, GGT, Bilirubin
- What is GGT?
- Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
- Generally according to lecture, what tests are used in a chem panel to evaluate liver?
- ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin, bile acids
- What tests are used to indicate liver function?
- blood glucose, Albumin, BUN, bile acid test
- What test requires two samples, one pre-prandial, one post-prandial?
- bile acid test
- What are some signs of liver dz?
- wt loss, anorexia, v/d, pu/pd, jaundiced, ascites, dehydrated, hemorrhage/bleeding, hepatic
- What are some signs of kidney dz?
- pu/pd, dehydrated, vomitting, anorexia, ulcers, rubber-jaw, loss of bone calcium, anemia
- What are the two main tests used to dx kidney dz? Three others?
-
*BUN & Creatinine*
uric acid, potassium (K+), phosphorus - An increased/decreased BUN may be indicative of kidney dz.
- increased - waste products rise when kidneys are not eliminating
- ___% of the kidney is non-functional before the BUN rises
- 75%
- What is Azotemia?
- urea in blood
- Other than kidney z, what other conditions could show a rise in BUN?
- dehydration (check SG), heart dz, low blood pressure, ureter/urethra obstruction, bladdertear, GI homorrhage
- Which test is more specific in the dx of kidney dz - BUN or Creatinine? Why?
- Creatinine - not as many factors that could affect
- What is hyper/hypokalemia?
- inc/dcr potassium
- What tests are used to dx dzs of the pancreas?
- Amylase, lipase
- Amylase increases w/ ___ & ___ dzs but Lipase only increases w/ ___
-
Amylase - pancreas & kidney
Lipase - pancreas - What tests are used to dx diabetes? Inc or dcr of ea?
- blood glucose (inc), insulin (dcr)
- Inc insulin and dcr blood sugar could indicate what dz condition?
- Insulinoma - a cancerous tumor that produces insulin
- Dcr insulin and incr blood glucose could indicate what dz condition?
- diabetes
- What is Na+
- sodium
- What is K+
- potassium
- What is Cl-
- Chloride
- What is Ca++
- Calcium
- What is P
- Phosphorus
- Low sodium (Na+) could be caused by what?
- v/d, kidney dz, diabetes, Cushing's
- High sodium could be caused by what?
- dehydration, salt poisoning
- ___ controls blood pressure and is controlled by Aldosterone
- Na+ (sodium)
- What electrolyte is excreted in urine and is controlled by Aldosterone and the body's pH?
- Potassium (K+)
- What could cause low potassium (K+)
- PU, administered fluids, diarrhea, alkalosis
- What could cause increased potassium?
- inability to make/pass urine, acidosis, Addison's dz
- What electrolyte is important for the normal functioning of the heart?
- potassium (K+)
- What electrolyte is controlled by PTH (parathyroid hormone), and calcitonin?
- calcium (Ca++)
- What collection tube should not be used when testing sodium levels?
- sodium heparin - will elevate values
- What collection tube should not be used when collecting samples for calcium testing?
- EDTA - binds to the calcium
- What could cause elevated calcium?
- bone destruction, rodenticides, xcess Vit D, cancers, kidney dz
- What could cause low calcium?
- eclampsia, milk fever
- What is eclampsia?
- Calcium drain due to fetal development in late gestation and esp in milk production
- What are some signs of eclampsia in ruminants? Small animal?
-
Ruminants - paralysis, dystocia
SA - tetany, seizures, inc temp - What is alkalosis?
- high pH
- What is acidosis?
- low pH
- The protein ___ is important for blood pressure, calcium levels, and metabolizing drugs.
- Albumin
- What could cause high Albumin?
- dehydration
- What could cause low albumin?
- diarrhea, anorexia, burns, kidney dz, liver dz
- ___ is a protein associated with the immune system (helps fight off dz)
- Globulin
- What could cause high globulin?
- infection, inflammation, dehydration
- Total protein = ___ + ___
- albumin + globulin
- What is ketosis?
- presence of ketones
- Ketones are/are not normally present.
- are not
- ___ are made in the body's attempt to make a new energy source
- Ketones
- What are the 4 main functions of electrolytes?
- Maintain water balance thru osmotic pressure, maintain constant pH, activation of blood coagulation & enzyme systems, maintain normal muscular & nervous functions.
- What is a normal blood pH?
- 7.35-7.45
- What blood value is considered alkaline/basic?
- above 7.0
- What blood value is acidic?
- below 7.0
- What organ controls electrolyte concentrations?
- kidneys