Patho Test Review GI
Terms
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- What is Barret's esophagitis
- Cells in the esophagus undergo dysplasia; may be precursor to adenocarcinoma
- what is melena
- black tarry stools
- term used for bright red blood per rectum
- hematochezia
- MC pathogen assoc. with community acquired pnuemonia
- Strepocaccus Pneumonia(gram +)
- MC pathogen assoc with nosocomial acquired pneumonia
- Pseudomonas (gram -)
- sign to detect cholecystitis
- Murphy's sign
- sign to dectect appendicitis
-
obturator and ileopsoas sign;
also tenderness at McBurney's point - MCC of pneumonia assoc with morbidity and mortality in the world
- TB
- type of diarrhea where the food intake contributes to the patient's diarrhea
- Osmotic diarrhea
- where does gas exchange take place?
- terminal bronchials and alveolar ducts and sacs
- alveolar cells that participate in gas exchange
- Type I
- what is the concentration and partial pressure of oxygen in the air
- around 21%, 152mmHg
- Def. of Ventilation
- movement of gases into and out of the lungs resulting from a change in chest volume
- Def. of perfusion
- delivery of oxygenated blood to the tissues
- where do Loop diuretics exert their effects
- in the thick ascending loop of Henle
- Types of diuretics
-
Loop
Thiazide
Potassium sparing - what is the vasa recta
- a series of capillaries that descend from the cortex into the medulla
- How do Loop diuretics work?
- they affect the ascending loop by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl transport system. Results in <Na and K reabsorption and > calcium and magnesium elimination
- Most reabsorption of protein and electrolytes takes place here
- the proximal convoluted tubule
- the beginning to the collecting duct
- Bowman's capsule
- persistent proteinuria is a sign of?
- Kidney disease
- what is hydronephrosis
- obstruction of the ureter causing back up of fluid
- what do the serum creatinine levels reflect?
- the glomerular filtration rate
- what is creatinine
- a byproduct of creatine metabolism by the muscle; it is filtered but not reabsorbed in the kidney
- what is BUN
- a measure of protein metabolism and eliminated entirely by the kidneys; it is influenced by protein intake, GI bleed
- what is cholestasis
- decrease in bile flow throught he intrahepatic canaliculi and the reduction of water, bilirubin, and bile acids by the hepatocytes
- this substance increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
- alcohol
- Charcot's triad
-
Jaundice
Fever
RUQ pain - contents of bile
- cholesterol, bilirubin, lecithin, bile salts
- what stimulates the gallbladder to contract
- CCK
- what do the islets of langherhan do?
- they make insulin and glucagon
- role of histamine in digestion
- stimulates gastric secretion of HCL and goblet cell secretion
- role of intrinsic factor
- allows for the binding of B12 in the intestine
- enterohepatic circulation
- reabsorption of bile and intrinsic factor at the terminal ileum
- 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
-
ulcerative colitis
Crohn's Disease - an inflammatory bowel disease that is usually confined to the rectum and colon
- ulcerative colitis