Environmental Health 2
Terms
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- Black Death
- Bubonic Plague, spread through vectors chinese rat fleas, killed 1/3 population--1347 to 1350.
- What is a disease? Give Examples
- A consistent presentation of symptoms, signs, and pathology. Generally resulting from the same cause. Ex. Hodgkin's, Cholera, TB, Alzheimer's
- The two types of epidemics?
- Common Source, and Host to Host
- Host
- an animal or person in whom the disease presides (lives)
- Disease Agent
- something that causes disease, usually a microbe or toxin
- Vector
- an organism that coveys an agent from one host to another
- Vehicle or Fomite
- an inanimate object which transmits a disease agent to a new host
- Prevalence
- Ratio of people with disease to the population
- Incidence
- Ratio of new cases to the person-time in a population
- Epidemiology
- The study of that which falls upon the population/The science of the occurrence, causes, frequencies and distribution of diseases.
- Common Source Epidemics
- One common exposure results in disease
- Host to Host Epidemics
- Passage from person to person or vector to person.
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Father of Epidemiology?
What did he do? - John Snow, First to use a logical, systematic approach to identify the source of Cholera in a local London Epidemic. Water pump/mapped out disease.
- When was he cholera outbreak in London?
- 1845
- What does Epidemiology do?
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⬢Helps us find the causes of diseases
⬢Helps us plan for the burden of disease
⬢Helps us prepare for the onset of disease
⬢Helps us control outbreaks of disease
⬢Helps us identify ways to prevent disease
⬢Helps us evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, drugs, vaccines