LOM Chapter 5: Pathology of the Digestive System
Terms
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- Borborygmus
- Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Flatus
- Gas expelled through the anus.
- Nausea
- Unpleasant sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit.
- Herpetic Stomatitis
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Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus.
** Commonly called fever blisters or cold sores. ** - Anal Fistula
- Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.
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Diverticula
** Singular: Diverticulum ** - Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall (diverticulosis)
- Constipation
- Difficult, delayed elimination of feces.
- Hematochezia
- Bright, fresh, red blood discharged from the rectum.
- Steatorrhea
- Fat in the feces.
- Oral Leukoplakia
- White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
- Colonic Polyposis
- Polyps (small benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
- Dysentery
- Painful, inflamed intestines.
- Hernia
- Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
** Also called Spastic Colon ** - A group of GI symptoms (diarrhea and constipation, lower abdominal pain, and bloating) associated with stress and tension.
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Gallstones
** Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis ** - Crystallization of cholesterol and other materials to form stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
- Anorexia
- Lack of appetite.
- Diarrhea
- Frequent, loose, watery stools.
- Jaundice
- Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).
- Aphthous Stomatitis
- Inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers.
- Periodontal Disease
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Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
** Also called Pyorrhea ** - Colorectal Cancer
- Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
- Esophageal Varices
- Swollen, tortuous veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
- Ileus
- Failure of peristalsis.
- Ulcer
- Open sore or lesion (wound) of skin (epithelial) tissue.
- Cirrhosis
- Chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells.
- Pancreatitis
- Inflammation of the pancreas.
- Ascites
- Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
- Dysphagia
- Difficulty in swallowing.
- Melena
- Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood.
- Dental Caries
- Tooth Decay
- Achalasia
- Failure of the Lower Esophagus Sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.
- Crohn Disease
- Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (most often the terminal ileum and colon).
- Gastric Carcinoma
- Malignant tumor of the stomach.
- Hemorrhoids
- Swollen, tortuous veins in the rectal region.
- Intussusception
- Telescoping of the intestines.
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers.
- Volvulus
- Twisting of the intestine upon itself.
- Viral Hepatitis
- Inflammation of the liver caused by virus.