4-Pelvis

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What is the inferoposterior portion of the abdomen that serves as a transition from trunk to lower limb?: pelvis
What is the function of the bony pelvis?: protects distal digestive and urinary tracts and internal reproductive organs, serves as attachment site for spine above and limbs below
Where is the perineum?: between thighs and extends from tip of coccyx to pubis
What does the perineum include in men? women?: anus, penis scrotum
anus and vulva
What are the boundaries of the greater pelvis?: from iliac crests inferiorly to pelvic brim
What are the boundaries of the lesser pelvis?: from pelvic brim to pelvic diaphragm
Describe the location of the pelvic brim or inlet?: marked by sacral promontory, arcuate line and pectineal line and upper edge of pubic symphysis
How many bones form the bony pelvis? What are they?: 4
2 os coxi (hip bones), sacrum and coccyx
What forms the hip bones (os coxi)? When does fusion of these bones occur?: fusion of three bones-ilium, ischium, pubis
age 15-20
How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?: 5
What is the sacral promontory? What covers it?: anterosuperior most portion of the sacrum just below the juntion of the sacrum w/ the 5th lumbar vertebrae
covered w/ broad anterior longitudinal spinal ligament
What is the clinical significance of the sacral promontory?: protrudes into the pelvic inlet and is the most limiting dimension of the pelvic inlet (anteroposterior direction)
What makes up the coccyx?: fusion of 4 rudimentary vertebrae
What are 3 ways of measuring the dimensions of the pelvic inlet? What is the common measuring spot in all 3? What varies?: anatomical, true (obstetric), and diagonal conjugate
-sacral promontory
-different spots on pubic symphysis
What part of the pubic symphysis do you measure from when measuring the anatomical conjugate diameter? true (obstetrical)? diagonal?: -superior surface
-inner surface
-inferior surface
What is an estimate of the true obstetric conjugate?: diagonal conjugate
What is a way to estimate the diagonal conjugate?: trans-vaginal palpation
What is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet?: inferior surface of pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx
is about 9.5cm
What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet?: 13cm
Where is the sacral hiatus? What marks it on each side?: on posterior surface at the end of the sacral canal
inferior sacral cornu are on each side
What covers the sacral hiatus?: posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the sacral hiatus used for clinically?: to gain access to caudal epidural space for injuection
What level does the dural sac terminate? spinal cord?: S2
L2
What does the body of the ilium help form?: acetabulum for the femur head
What originates at the ASIS?: inguinal ligament
What does the ilium articulate with?: sacrum
Where is the ischium located with regard to the pelvis?: posterior inferior, what you sit on
What part of the ischium helps create the obturator foramen?: ramus
What are the parts of the ischium?: ramus, ischial tuberosities (2), body, ischial spines
What parts of the pelvis help form the acetabulum?: body of ischium and body of ilium and superior ramus of the pubis
What attaches to the ischial spines?: sacrospinous ligament
What is superior to the ischial spine? inferior?: s-greater sciatic notch
i-inferior sciatic notch
Where is the pubis located?: inferior and anterior
What are the parts of the pubis?: superior and inferior ramus, body, pubic crest, pubic tubercle
What helps create the obturator foramen?: ramus of ischium, and superior and inferior rami of pubis
What 2 things does the superior ramus of the pubis help create?: obturator foramen and acetabulum
Where is the pubic tubercle located? What is it an attachment for?: lateral edge of pubic crest
attachemnt for inguinal ligament
What is the subpubic angle? What is the average for men? women?: angle below the pubic symphysis to the ischial tuberosities
men-60 degrees' women-90 deg
What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?: anterior-inferior margin of pubic symphysis
anterolaterally-inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosities
posterolaterally-sacrotuberous ligaments
posteriorly-tip of coccyx
In the anatomical position which two parts of the pelvis are vertical?: ASIS and pubic symphysis
Describe the difference between the greater pelvis in males vs females. true pelvis?: men-deeper and narrow
women-shallower and wider
Describe the shape of the pelvic brim (inlet) in females and males.: females-oval and rounded
males-heart-shaped
Is the pelivc outlet lareger in females or males?: females
Describe the shape of the sacrum in females and males.: females-straighter
males-more concave anteriorly
Define gynecoid.: typical female shaped pelvis
Define android.: typical male shaped pelvis
Define anthropoid.: pelvis w/ elongated anterior to posterior dimension, similar to man's ancestors
Define platypelloid.: broad pelvis w/ a subpubic angle greater than 90 degrees
What commonly occurs in pelvic fractures?: displacement of pubic symphysis posteriorly
Name the 2 pelvic joints.: lubosacral and sacrococcygeal
What are the two portions of the lubosacral joint? Name the facet joint.: intervertebral disc between L5 and sacrum and two posterior zygapophyseal (facet joints)
What type of a joint is the sacrococcygeal joint?: fibrocartilaginous
What helps to strengthen the sacrococcygeal joint?: the anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
What type of a joint is the sacroiliac joint?: both fibrous and synovial
What does the sacroiliac joint do?: transfers weight of the vertebral column to the pelvis
What stabilizes the sacroiliac joint?: interosseous ligaments and posterior and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
What type of a joint is the pubic symphysis?: fibrocartilaginous
What helps stabilize the pubic symphysis?: superior and inferior pubic ligaments
During pregnancy what hormones are released that help degrade the collagen fibers of the pelvis? What joint is particularly affected?: progesterone and relaxin
pubic symphysis
From where does the pelvic inlet (or brim) extend? Which conjugae diameter does this correspond with? What is the average length?: internal superior portion of pubic symphysis, posteriorly to sacral promontory
anatomical conjugate
11.5cm
From where does the pelvic outlet extend? What is the average length?: anteriorly from the internal inferior portion of the pubic symphysis, posteriorly tot he tip of the coccyx
9.5cm
What is the average distance of the transverse pelvic inlet in women?: 13-14 cm
What makes up the anterior portion of the pelvic wall?: body and ramus of pubic bone and pubic symphysis
What is located laterally in the pelvic wall?: greater pelvis ala of ilium w/ iliacus muscle; true pelvis-obturator internus muscle
Where does the obturator internus muscle exit the pelvis? What does it attach to? What is its action?: lesser sciatic foramen
greater trochanter of femur
laterally rotates leg
What is located in the posterior portion of the pelvic wall?: sacrum, coccyx, part of ilia, sacroiliac joints and ligaments, piriformis muscle
Where does the piriformis muscle exit the pelivs? What does it attach to? What is its action?: greater sciatic foramen
anterior surface of sacrum and greater trochanter of femus
lateral rotation of leg
What forms the pelvic diaphragm?: levator ani and coccygeus muscle
The pelvic diaphragm stretches from the _____ anteriorly to the _____ posteriorly and is laterally attached to ________.: a-pubic symphysis
p-coccyx
l-obturator internus muscle
What are the three parts of the levator ani?: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus
What is the largest part of the levator ani? What does it attach to?: pubococcygeus, attached from body of pubis to coccyx (bone to bone)
What is the puborectalis attached to?: medial body of pubis, forms a U-shaped muscular sling around the anorectal junction
What is the slimmest portion of the levator ani? What does it attach to?: iliococcygeus
from tendinous arch of fascia on top of obturator internus and ischial spine to the coccyx
What does the coccygeus muscle attach to? What is it innervated by?: from ischial spine to distal sacrum and coccyx
S4 (some S3 or 5)
What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?: maintains proper positioning of pelvic organs, essential for maintaining abdominal and thoracic pressure during micturation, defecation, parturition, and heavy lifting
What muscle aids in maintaining fecal continence?: puborectalis
What muscle is contracted during Kegal exercises?: pubococcygeus
Which muscle can be torn while giving birth? Compromised functions of this muscle can lead to what?: pubococcygeus
urinary stress incontinence, can contribute to uterine prolapse

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Number of cards 78