Midterm IHA
Terms
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- Define human relations
- Interations among people.
- Define the goal of human relations
- to create win-win situations by satisfying employee needs while achieving organizational abjectives
- Define behavior
- what people do and say
- What are the three levels of behavior?
- individual, group, and organizational.
- What is an organization?
- a group of people working to achieve one or more objectives
- Define orhanization behavior.
- the collective behavior of an organization's individuals and groups.
- Define systems effect
- all the people in an organization are affected by at least one other person, and each person affects the whole group or organization
- Who is Elton Mayo?
- from the 1920s to early 1930s Elton Mayo researched and was known as "the father of human relations." He created the Hawthorne effect which refers to an increase in performance caused by the special attention given to employees, rather than tangible changes in the work.
- How do we understand personalities/perceptions?
- Your personality affects your behavior and how you interact with others. Needs and perceptions are the starting point of our behavior. How we perceive people affects how we treat them.
- Define personality.
- a word commonly used to describe an indicidual's collection of such behavorial traits or charicteristics.
- What are type A/B personalities?
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Type A: characterized as fast moving, hard driving, time conscious, competitive, impatient, and preoccupied with work.
Type B is the complete opposite - What is the possitive side of strees?
- Some stress helps improve performance by challenging and motivation us.
- What are the causes of stress?
- personality type, organizational climate, management behavior, and degree of job satisfaction.
- Define intelligence.
- the level of one's capacity foe new learning, problem solving, and decision making
- Define perception.
- refers to a person's interpretation of reality. In the perception process, you select, organize, and interpret all environmental stimuli through your senses.
- What is our fram of refrence?
- Our fram of refrence is our tendency to see things from a narrow focus that directly affects us.
- Explain the X/Y theroy and how we aquire attitudes.
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Theory X: attitudes hold that employees dislike work and must be closly supervised to get them to do their work,
Theory Y: attitudes hold that employees like to work and do not need to be closly supervised to get them to do work.
Attitudes are developed primarily through experiences. - What is the Pygmalion Effect?
- Supervisor's attitudes and expectations of employees and how they treat them largely determine their performace.
- Define job satisfaction.
- a set of sttitudes toward work.
- Define self-concept
- your overall attitude about yourself
- Define self-efficacy.
- your belief in your capability to perform in a specific situation.
- What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
- How you live up/down to your expectations. It occurs when your expectaions affect your success or failure.
- Values v.s. Attitudes
- Values are more stable than attitudes. Attitudes reflect multiple, often changing, opinions. Values about some things do change, but the process is usually slower than a change in attitude.
- Define ethics.
- the moral standard of right and wrong behavior.
- Define the communication process.
- consists of a sender who encodes a message and transmits it through a channel to a reciver who decodes it and many give feedback.
- What is filtering?
- the process of altering or distorting information to protect a more favorable image.
- What are the goals of comunication?
- to influence, to inform, and/or to express feelings.
- What is empathic listening?
- the ability to understand and relate to another's situation and feelings.
- Define feedback.
- the process of verifying messages. questioning, paraphrasing, and aloowing comments and suggestions are all forms of feedback.
- Define organizational communication.
- the compounded interpaersonal comunication process across an organization.
- Define vertical communication.
- the flow of information both up and down the chain of command.
- Define horizontal communication.
- the flow of information between colleagues and peers.
- Define grapevine communication.
- the informal vehicle through which messages flow throughout the organization.
- What are small group networks?
- a way people communicate in a certain pattern. The five common patterns are wheel, chain, Y, circle, and all-channel.
- What is oral communication?
- most people's preffered media for sending messages. Four common media for oral communications are face-to-face, telephone, meeting, and presentaions.
- Define transactional analysis.
- a method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. It provides usefull models for leadership styles.
- Define leadership.
- the process of influencing employees to work toward the achievement of objectives.
- Define the Leadership trait theory.
- assumes that there are distingctive physical and psychological characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness.
- What are Behavioral leadership theories?
- assume that there are distinctive styles that effective leaders use consistently, that is, that good leadership is rooted in behavior.
- Define the basic leadership styles.
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Autocratic: the leader makes the decisions and closely supervises employees.
Democratic: The leader allows participation in decisions and does not closely supervises employees.
Laissez-faire: The leader takes a leave-the-employees-alone approach. - What is the Leadership Grip?
- Blake and Mouton's model identifying the ideal leadership style as having a high concern for both production and people.
- What is charismatic leadership?
- they inspire loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance.
- What are Contingency leadership theories?
- assume that the approprate leadership style varies from situation to situation.