Anatomy Abdomen 2
Terms
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- What is choledoclithiasis?
- stone in the common bile duct
- What is Cholangitis?
- inflammation in common bile duct
- What is Charcot's Triad?
-
⬢ three symptoms attributed to cholingitis
1. jaundice
2. right upper quadrant pain
3. fever - What is the function of the ampulla of vater?
- - empties through the sphincter of oddi into the duodenum
- What is the portal triad?
- bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein
- What is the sequence of evaluation when examining the abdomen?
- IAPP (inspection, ausculation, percussion, palpation)
- What is the most common etiology of gastric ulcer?
- H. Pylori
- What typically causes pain in the bowel?
- stretch fibers (as in gas) typically cause pain in the bowel
- Right Upper quadrant pain in a fat, fertile, 40 y/o female is most likely due to what condition?
- cholecystitis
- What is the name of the suspensory ligament that separtes the duodenum from the jejunum?
- Ligament of Treitz
- Why is cryptorchidism?
- failure of the testis to desend into the scrotum within 3 months after birth
- What is pyrosis?
- substernal pain or buring sensation usually associated with regurgitation of gastric acid into the esophagus
- What is the most common origin of pain in the left upper quadrant?
- stomach
- What muscles squeeze urine from the male urethra at the end of micturation?
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- Which organ passes between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery?
- duodenum
- What percentage of gallstones are visible on an abdominal Xray?
- 15%
- What percentage of kidney stones are visible of an abdominal Xray?
- 90%
- What is the most common location of pain from diverticulitis?
- Left lower quadrant
- What is guarding?
-
⬢ involuntary spasms of the abdominal muscles
⬢ the body's attempt to protect the viscera from pressure - What is the most common cause of appendicitis?
- Fecolith
- People who get appendicitis are usually within what age range?
- 15-30 years old
- A pregnant patient with appendicitis can have pain in which area?
- Right upper quadrant
- What are the three major branches of the aorta that supply the gut?
- celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric arteries
- What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?
- adhesions
- What is an important presentation of ischemic bowel (or mesenteric ischemia)?
-
⬢ Pain out of proportion to the exam
⬢ patient will have present with pain, but no pain on palpation - What are the 2 types of perotinitis?
- primary and secondary perotinitus
- What is McBurnie's point?
-
⬢ the most common area of pain and tenderness for appendicitis
⬢ located 2/3 between the umbilical and ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) - What is Murphy's sign?
-
⬢ pain from cholecystitis after deep inspiration
⬢ the clinician has their hand under the inferior portion of the costal margin. When the patient takes a deep breath, the diaphragm moves down, pushing the liver, which pushes the gallbladder into the clinician's finger - What is the iliosoas sign?
-
⬢ the patient is supine and they raise their right leg against pressure
⬢ if the patient has pain in the RLQ, the iliacus and psoas muscle put pressure on the appendix causing pain - What is the obturator sign?
-
⬢ the patient is supine and bend the patient knee at 90°
⬢ knee is rotated inward
⬢ obturator muscle puts pressure on the appendix, causing pain - What is one method of differentiating the small intestine from the large intestine on xray?
- - the large intestine will have the free taenia (taenia libera), which is the line that runs down the middle of the large intestine
- What two branches flow into the common bile duct?
- the cystic duct (from the gallbladder) and the hepatic duct (from the liver)
- What is a common cause of pneumoperitoneum?
- perforated bowel
- What is the cremaster reflex?
- tickle the thigh and the testicles rise
- What is the difference between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
-
⬢ Direct hernia go directly through the abdominal wall
⬢ Indirect hernia go through the inguinal canal - What 3 landmarks form Hesselback's Triangle?
- Rectus abdominus muscle, inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament
- What tissue does the ureter go through in the penis?
- corpus spongiosum
- What is hypospadias?
- a congenital anomaly where the external opening of the urethra is on the ventral part of the glans
- What are the different parts of the fallopian tube from ovary to uterus?
- fimbriae » infundibulum » ampulla » isthmus » uterine part
- Why does appendicitis sometimes present as periumbilical pain?
- the afferent fibers from the appendix enter the spinal cord at the T10 level, which is the area of skin supplied by cutaneous nerves around the umbilicus
- What is rebound tenderness?
- when the patient has pain after the physician releases pressure on the abdomen
- What is the most common hiatal hernia?
- a sliding hiatal hernia, where the esophagus moves freely through the hiatus
- What is spermatocele?
- a retention cyst, or collection of fluid, in the epididymis