ATELECTASIS
Terms
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- ATELECTASIS
- Collapse of the alveoli in a lung segment
- 4 main mechanisms or categories of atelectasis
-
RESORPTION ATELECTASIS
COMPRESSION ATELECTASIS
CONTRACTION ATELECTASIS
DIFFUSE MICROATELECTASIS - RESORPTION ATELECTASIS
- Obstruction in airway(s) prevents ventilation, so existing air in alveoli gets absorbed and they collapse.
- RESORPTION ATELECTASIS: Obstructions incude
-
mucus or mucopurulent plug
foreign body (FB), esp. in kids.
tumor:bronchogenic carcinoma
enlarged lymph nodes,in TB -
COMPRESSION ATELECTASIS=
passive atelectasis or relaxation atelectasis. -
lung displaced by:pleural effusion or tumor,elevated position of diaphragm in patients.
- bedridden, i.e. after surgery
- with ascites - CONTRACTION ATELECTASIS
-
(also known as cicatrization atelectasis )
caused by local or generalized fibrosis in lung or pleura. - DIFFUSE MICROATELECTASIS:
- Gneralized loss of lung expansion due to inadequate surfactant.
- Caused by:
-
- O2 toxicity = breathing high % O2 for TOO LONG
-eonatal or adult respiratory distress syndrome
- infection, which may cause adult resp. distress syn - SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ATELECTASIS
-
- dyspnea, cyanosis
- uneven chest expansion
- dullness to percussion, but
pneumothorax
- tracheal deviation
- dec'd breath sounds
-causes hyperrsonance or tympany - PROPHYLAXIS
-
- after surgery:
- encourage ventilation by:
- incentive spirometry
- coughing
- early ambulation