iv 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- reasons for iv's
-
medication and nutrients,
blood,chemo, pca, keep vein open for quick access - where are peripheral lines
- arms, legs, scalp for infants
- where are central lines located
- subclavian vein.
- pt must be relaxed for iv or they may experience these
- fight or flight, spasm of veins blood then shunted from peripheral to vital organs.
- prior to setting up or bringing in equipment nurse should do what
- spend time explaining all components of therapy and give pt time to ask questions.
- if pt refuses.
- listen, reasure, ask why, explain, report and document
- when applying torniquet, never do these
- apply too tight that it obstructs arterial flow or leave on longer then one minute.
- methods to enhance venous access. (7)
- gravity, clench fist, friction, percussion, compresses, transillumination, hair removal.
- special consideratoins for pts who are (4)
-
obese, peripheral edema,
altered skin and vessels,
anticoagulation therapy - ask pt if they have allergy to
- medication, food, latex, iodine, tape
- high risk includes pts who are (6)
- women, asthmatics, hx of allergies, latex exposures,allergies to fruit and veggies, especially tropical fruits, those who get intermittent caths.
- If unsuccessful poke do not
- re try with same needle.
- a nurse should only try __ times to do a successful stick
- 2
- accurate charting of iv is?
- date time, what vein, gague style of needle, infusate administere
- how long can you leave in an iv done by ems,
- change asap and before 48hrs
- iv caths should be changed every
- 3 days
- hanging bag of lipid containing solutions (3-1)must be infused within how many hrs
- 24
- hanging back of lipid emulsions alone must be done in
- 12hrs
- blood must be infused within
- 4hrs
- caps on ivs should be changed no more
- once every 3 days
- what is homeostasis
- the physiologic term for the process that contributes to a state of internal constancy
- primary chemical component of the human body
- water
- what is osmolarity
- osmotic pull or pressure exerted by all particles per unit of solution influenced by qwuanity of dissolved particles that exer an osmotic pull
- you'd give hopytonic fluids with
- dialysis or DKA
- would not give hypotonic fluids with pts that are
- edemic
- fluid stays within the intravascular space.no fluid flowing into or out of the intravascular spaces
- isotonic
- lower number of molecules then serum so fluid shifts from the intravascular spaces to the interstitial spaces
- hypotonic
- this fluid can cause ICP and cardivascular collapse r/t the shift from the is to the cells.
- hypotonic
- .45 NaCl and 2.5 dextrose are examples of
- hypotonic
- has less osmolarity then serum. water is then pulled from the vascular compartment
- hypotonic
- this has a higher osmolarity then serum. pulls fluids and electrolyts from the is into the intravascular compartment
- hypertonic
- d5%, .45Nacl, d5%LR, blood and slbumin
- hypertonic
- fluid shifts from the interstitial spaces into the intravascualar spaces
- hypertonic
- crystalloids are
- effective volume expanders
- crystaloids are ideal for pts who
- need fluid replacement.
- when using an isotonic crystalloid to control blood pressure from blood loss,what is the ratio
- 3ml of crystolloid to every 1ml of blood loss
- watch for pulmonary edema with what fluid replacements
- crystalloid
- examples of crystalloids are
- LR, NS
- initial crystalloid replacement should not exceed how much before whole blood is instituted
- 3 liters.
- colloids contain what that are too large to pass out of the capillary membrain and so they remail in the vascular compartment
- molecules, usually proteins
- colloids draw fluid from the .... and into the .....
-
interstitial and intracellular compartments
vascular compartment. - examples of colloids are
- albumin and steroids
- to deliver large amounts of fluid, what gauge needle should be used
- 14-16
- this vein needs to be supported by tongue blades or hand board
- digital dorsal vein
- gauge needle that is used in digital dorsal vein are
- 22-24
- primary choice for iv use
- dorsal metacarpal vein, cephalic vein
- pain radiating wupward from site usually is due to
- medication
- pain at site is due to
- cath, nerve tendon, ligament damage
- process in which a substance enters or infuses into another substance or surrounding area
- infiltration
- actual escape or leakage of materia from a vessel into the surrounding tissue
- extrvasation
- an agent that is irritating and causes blisters
- vesicant