Cardiovascular Pharmacology: vet tech
Terms
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- diastole
- dilatation of the ventricles
- systole
- contraction of the ventricles
- ectopic
- arising from an abnormal site
- arrhythmia
- irregularity of the normal heart rhythm
- tachycardia
- increased heart rate
- bradycardia
- decreased heart rate
- flutter and fibrillation
- rapid series of irregular contractions due to a disorganization of electrical activity and probably relating to an ectopic pregnancy
- inotropic
- affecting the force (strength) of heart contraction
- chronotropic
- affecting the rate of heart rhythm
- cardiac
- pertaining to the heart
- afterload
- resistance in arteries that must be overcome to empty the ventricles
- preload
- the volume of blood that fills the ventricles during diastole
- dilatation
- the myocardium becomes thin and ineffective in its pumping action
- hypertrophy
- the myocardium become thickened and restricts ventricular filling
- output
- the volume of blood pumped per minute of time; cardiac output can be estimated clinically by measuring heart rate, pulse quality, and capillary refill time (perfusion)
- furosemide
- Lasix®
- digoxin
-
Lanoxin®
Cardoxin® - positive inotropes
- increase the force or strength of heart contraction
- negative inotropes
- decrease the force of strength of heart contractions
- positive chronotropes
- increase the heart rate
- negative chronotropes
- decrease the heart rate
- early signs of digoxin toxicity
- anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea
- group of drugs derived from the purple foxglove plant
- digitalis glycoside or cardiac glycoside
- Animals that digoxin toxicity is especially dangerous to
- hypokalemic (low blood potassium due to diuretics used in cardiac therapy)
- isoxsuprine
- Vasodilan®
- dobutamine
- Dobutrex®
- positive inotropes used to treat heart failure
- dobutamine, glucagon, calcium
- Cardiomyopathy
- disease of heart muscle progressing to congestive heart failure that primarily affects dogs and cats
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-
results when muscle wall of the heart thickens and reduces the size of the heart chamber until the ventricles cannot fill adequately with blood
(diastolic problem) - dilated cardiomyopathy
- occurs when the muscle wall of the heart becomes thin and the heart loses its pumping action (systolic problem)
- dilated cardiomyopathy is more common in these dog breeds
- Doberman Pinscher, Great Dane, Irish Wolf Hound, St. Bernard, Bull Mastiff, Newfoundland, Golden Retriver, Irish Setter, Labrador Retriever
- Name a complication of cardiomyopathy in cats
- thromboembolism
- Breeds of cats most prone to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Persian, Maine Coon
- Breeds of cats more prone to dilated cardiomyopathy
- Siamese, Burmese
- Dietary cause for dilated cardiomyopathy in cats
- taurine deficiency
- premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
- occurs when an ectopic focus is the ventricles causes the ventricles to contract too quickly (prematurely)
- propranolol
- Inderal®
- atenolol
- Tenormin®