Neuro Pharm
Terms
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- Parathion
- - indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
- Isoflurophate
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
- occasionally used for glaucoma and accommodative esotropia - Echothiophate
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate, irreversible
- occasionally used for glaucoma and accommodative esotropia - Edrophonium
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- diagnose myasthenia gravis - Neostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- used after anesthesia, treat myasthenia gravis - Physostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible, enters CNS
- glaucoma, atropine O/D, GI atony - Pyridostigmine
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- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, reversible
- long-acting, used for myasthenia gravis treatment - Acetylcholine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M and N receptors
- rarely used to achieve miosis in opthalmic surgery - Bethanechol
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, mostly M receptors
- stimulates bladder and bowel - Carbachol
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M and N receptors
- used rarely for glaucoma and stimulate miosis in surgery - Pilocarpine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M receptors
- great for glaucoma treatment - Methacholine
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- direct-acting cholinergic agonist, M receptors
- diagnosis of asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity - Atropine
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- muscarinic blocker
- treat bradycardia, stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia, calm GI and bladder spasms, antidote for organophosphate poisoning - Scopolamine
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- muscarinic blocker, more potent CNS effects than atropine
- treat motion sickness - Homatropine
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia - Cyclopentolate
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia - Tropicamide
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- muscarinic blocker
- stimulate mydriasis and cycloplegia - Pirenzepine
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- muscarinic blocker
- blocks M1 receptors and treats gastric ulcers - Tubocurarine
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia - Pancuronium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia
- longer-acting than tubocurarine - Atracurium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia - Vecuronium
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- non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic (muscle) blocker
- muscle relaxant in anesthesia - Succinylcholine
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- depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
- used to facilitate rapid intubation ("succ" air) - Nicotine
- - nicotinic ganglionic blocker with initial stimulation
- Hexamethonium
- - non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
- Trimethaphan
- - non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
- Mecamylamine
- - non-stimulatory nicotinic ganglionic blocker
- Phenylephrine
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- a1 agonist
- nasal decongestant, treat hypotension, stimulate mydriasis for ocular exam, terminate episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT), causes reflex bradycardia - Methoxamine
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- a1 agonist
- treat hypotension and PAT - Clonidine
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- a2 agonist
- treat hypertension, withdrawal from benzodiazepines and opiates, treat diarrhea in diabetics with neuropathies - Methyldopa
- - a2 agonist
- Dobutamine
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- b1 agonist (slight b2 actions)
- treat unstable CHF and shock - Isoproterenol
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- b1 and b2 agonist
- stimulate HR in pts with heart block and bradycardia - Albuterol
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis - Metaproterenol
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis - Terbutaline
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- b2 agonist
- treat bronchospasm, asthma, COPD, bronchitis, can also be used to relax uterus during premature labor - Epinephrine
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- non-selective sympathomimetic, stimulates beta at low doses, alpha at high doses
- nasal decongestant, urinary incontinence, hypotension - What is epinephrine reversal?
- When given alone, alpha effects lead to increased BP. With an alpha-blocker, epinephrine leads to decreased blood pressure due to b2 activity.
- Norepinephrine
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- alpha-selective agonist, with some beta activity
- used to treat hypotension, but leads to lowered renal perfusion, last line treatment of shock - Dopamine
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- beta-selective at lower doses, stimulates a1 at higher doses
- treatment of shock, increase renal perfusion, and treatment of acute CHF - Tyramine
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- indirect-acting sympathomimetic, by-product of tyrosine metabolism, taken up by sympathetic neurons
- metabolized by MAO, so foods high in tyramine are contraindicated in pts taking MAOI's - Amphetamine
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- indirect-acting sympathomimetic
- treats ADHD, narcolepsy, and suppresses appetite - Ephedrine
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- mixed sympathomimetic (direct & indirect)
- treats urinary incontinence, nasal decongestant, hypotension - Metaraminol
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- mixed sympathomimetic
- treats hypotension and terminates PAT episodes - Prazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy
- first-dose orthostatic hypotension - Terazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy
- first-dose orthostatic hypotension - Doxazosin
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- reversible a1 blocker
- treat hypertension and urinary retention in pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy
- first-dose orthostatic hypotension - Phenoxybenzamine
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- non-selective, irreversible alpha blocker
- long duration, treat pheochromocytoma, treat pts with benign prostatic hypertrophy (reduces size of prostate)
- orthostatic hypotenstion and reflex tachycardia - Yohimbine
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- a2 selective, reversible blocker
- sometimes used to treat impotency - Phentolamine
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- reversible, non-selective alpha blocker
- used for short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma-induced hypertension - Atenolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- treats hypertension, MI - Betaxolol
- - b1 selective, reversible blocker
- Esmolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- very short-acting, used in thyroid storm - Acebutolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
- treat hypertension - Metoprolol
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- b1 selective, reversible blocker
- treat hypertension, anginal pain, MI - Propranolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- treat HAMATA (Hypertension, Angina, Migraine, Arrhythmia, Thyroid storm, Acute panic syndrome) - Timolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- long half-life, treat glaucoma - Nadolol
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- non-selective beta blocker
- long half-life, treat glaucoma - Pindolol
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- non-selective beta blocker with sympathomimetic activity
- treat hypertension in pts prone to bradycardia - Labetalol
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- non-selective beta blocker with some a1 blockade
- treat hypertension and atrial fibrillation - Carvedilol
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- non-selective beta blocker with a1 blockade
- treat hypertension and chronic CHF (not ACUTE!) - Butoxamine
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- b2 blocker
- no clinical uses - Guanethedine
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- indirect adrenergic antagonist
- treatment of hypertension - Reserpine
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- indirect adrenergic antagonist
- rarely used in the clinic to treat hypertension - Tissues with a1 receptors?
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Vascular smooth muscle; all but skeletal muscle
GI tract, sphincters
Bladder, sphincter
Radial muscle, iris - Tissues with a2 receptors?
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GI tract, wall
Presynaptic adrenergic neurons
(postsynaptic in CNS and blood vessels) - Tissues with b1 receptors?
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Salivary glands
Heart
Adipose tissue
Kidney - Tissues with b2 receptors?
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Vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle
GI tract, wall
Bladder, wall
Bronchioles