routes of drug administration
Terms
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- Topical
- In this route, the drug is administered by applying it to the surface fo the skin or the mucous membranes.
- Subcutaneous (subcu)
- Injection into the tissues below the dermis but above the muscle layer. Can also enter capillaries directly after injection.
- Intravenous (IV)
- The drug goes directly into the blood stream via the vein
- Parenteral
- Those injected into body tissues.
- Intrapleural (Intrathoracic)
- Sometimes antibiotics or antineoplastic drugs are injected into the chest cavity to treat pleural conditions that do not otherwise respond to conventional methods.
- Intradermal or intracutaneous
- Injection of drug into outer layers of skin, between the outermost or epidemis layer above the subcutaneous layer, into the dermis.
- Intrapinal (intrathecal) and Epidural
- Instillation of a drug into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal is called and intraspinal administration. The drug goes directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This is used for contrast media and for anesthesia. When a drug is administered spidurally, it is placed immediately above the dural covering of the spinal canal, outside the subarachnoid space.
- Intrasynovial
- Injection of a drug into the joint space to treat inflammatory conditions.
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Injection into the body of a muscle. Can enter capillaries directly after injection. Injection site include deltoid, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, and vastus lateralis.
- Oral-Gastrointestinal
- One that is swallowed or is mechanically introduced to the stomach or upped gastrointestinal tract through a tube.
- Intra-arterial
- Usually used for delivery of antineoplastic agents directly into the artery of an inoperable malignant tumor or into an organ containing a tumor.
- What are the 3 routes of drug administration?
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1. Oral-Gastrointestinal
2. Parenteral- injections
3. Topical - Intracardiac
- An example of this is the injection of epinephrine and calcium chloride directly into the ventricular cavity to treat ventricular fibrillation
- Intraperitoneal
- Mostly used in renal dysfunction