Pharmacology T2
Terms
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- What is a bactericidal?
- It kills bacteria usually by interfering with cell synthesis
- What is a Bacteriostatic?
- It inhibits cell growth and multiplication by interfering with protein synthesis.
- What 4 things can affect a drugs stability?
- Time, heat, light and exposure to oxygen.
- What is R-factor?
- Resistance is due to plasmids and the R-factor plasmids are able to be passed onto future generations of bacteria and to other strains of bacteria.
- What three tools can be used to select the appropriate antibiotic?
- Clinic experience, Gram stain and Culture and Sensitivity.
- What is the MIC?
- The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. The smallest amout of an antibiotic needed that will kill or inhibit the organism.
- What is an antagonistic effect?
- The drugs together have less of an affect then when used alone. Cidal + Static.
- What is an additive effect?
- The effect of both drugs is equal to their effects alone. Static + Static.
- What is a Synergistic effect?
- The effect of both drugs is increased when used together. Cidal + Cidal.
- What makes up clavamox?
- Amoxicillin + Clavulanate potassium
- What does Penicillinase do?
- It destroys the beta lactam ring of the penicillin molecule. This allows the bacteria to be resistant to penicillin.
- Are tetracyclines static or cidal?
- Static
- What are three possible toxic side effects from aminoglycosides?
- Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular problems.
- Are penicillins static or cidal?
- Cidal
- What's the penicillin that the first important modification was made to?
- Penicillin V.
- What organism are aminoglycosides effective against?
- Pseudomas, Gram -.
- Why would you avoid giving fluoroquinolones to young animals?
- It can damage the cartilage and affect their development.
- What two macrolides are painful if injected IM?
- Erythromycin and tylosin.
- What are sulfonamides affect against?
- Protozoa - coccidia.
- What drug would you choose to use for an UTI?
- Sulfonamide, it's excreted in it's active form.
- What chloramphenical is used for humans?
- Florphenical - Nuflor (R).
- Why do you give amphotericin every other day?
- It has a long half-life, it takes a long time to metabolize it.
- What two antifungals have a delayed onset of action?
- Ketoconizole and Itraconazole.
- What drug should not be given with Amphotercin B (R)?
- Aminoglycosides.