Ch 10 terms
Terms
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- anterior chamber
- fluid filled space between cornea and iris
- aqueous humor
- watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fils the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)
- canal of Schlemm
- duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
- choroid
- vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portioin of the retina
- ciliary body
- ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shaper of the lens
- conjunctiva
- mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
- cornea
- transparet anterior part of the eeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
- eyelid (palpebra)
- movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
- fovea centralis
- pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
- fundus (base)
- interior surface of the eyeball incl. the retina, optic disc, macula, an dposterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
- glands of Zeis
- oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
- meibomian glands
- oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
- iris
- colored circle; colored part of th eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing thru the pupil
- ciliary muscle
- smooh muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability
- ciliary processes
- peithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aq. humor
- lacrimal gland
- gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
- lacrimal ducts
- tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
- lacrimal sac
- structure that collect stears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct
- lens
- transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
- lens capsule
- capsule that encloses the lens
- macula lutea (macula)
- central region on the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provids its color
- nasolarimal duct
- passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
- optic disc
- exit site of retinal nerve fibers
- posterior chamber
- space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor
- pupil
- black circular opening in the center of the iris thru which light passes as it enters the eye
- retina
- innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
- cones
- cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
- rods
- rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
- sclera
- tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
- trabecular meshwork
- mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm
- vitreous
- jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
- asthenopia
- eyestrain
- blepharospasm
- involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
- diplopia
- double vision
- exophthalmos; exophthalmus
- abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
- lacrimation
- secretion of tears
- nystagmus
- invluntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball
- photophobia
- extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light
- scotoma
- blind spot in vision
- refactive errors
- defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
- astigmatism
- distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
- hyperopia
- farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
- myopia
- nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
- presbyopia
- impaired vision caused by old age of lass of accommodation
- accommodation
- ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
- aphakia
- absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
- blepharitis
- inflam of eyelid
- blepharochalasis
- baddy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when eyes are open
- dermatochalasis
- baddy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when eyes are open
- blepharoptosis
- drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
- chalazion
- chronic nodular inflm of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct
- cataract
- opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
- conjunctivitis
- pinkeye; inflam. of the conjunctiva
- dacryoadenitis
- inflam. of the lacrimal gland
- dacryocystitis
- inflam. of the tear sac
- diabetic retinopathy
- disease of the retina in diabetics char. by capillary leakage, bleeding and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision
- ectropion
- outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
- entropion
- inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
- epiphora
- abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
- glaucoma
- a group of diseases of th eye char. by inc. intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
- hordeolum
- a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid
- iritis
- inflam of iris
- keratitis
- inflam of the cornea
- macular degeneration
- breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
- pseudophakia
- an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
- pterygium
- a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to UV light
- retinal detachment
- separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
- retinitis
- inflam of the retina
- strabismus
- a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
- heterotropia
- a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
- esotropia
- right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose
- exotropia
- right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose
- scleritis
- inflammation of the sclera
- trichiasis
- misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea
- distance visual acuity
- a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usu from 20 feet; normal is 20/20
- fluorescein angiography
- visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
- ophtalmoscopy
- use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
- slit lamp biomicroscopy
- use of a table top microscope used to examine the eye, esp. the cornea, lens fluids, and membranes
- sonography
- use of a high freq sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina
- tonometry
- use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure which is elevated in glaucoma
- blepharoplasty
- surgical repair of an eyelid
- cataract extraction
- excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
- cryoretinopexy
- use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
- dacryocystectomy
- excision of a lacrimal sac
- enucleation
- excision of an eyeball
- iridectomy
- excision of a portion of iris tissue
- keratoplasty
- corneal transplant
- laser surgery
- use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc)
- laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
- a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
- intraocular lens (IOL) implant
- implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
- phacoemulsification
- use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
- contact lens
- a small, plastic, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
- eye instillation
- introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop or drops in the affected eye or eyes
- eye irrigation
- washing of the eye with water or other fluids (like saline)
- antibiotic ophthalmic solution
- antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)
- mydriatic
- an agent that causes dilation of the pupil (used for certain eye examinations)
- miotic
- an agent that causes the pupil ton contract