Chapter 10 - The Eye
Terms
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- aque/o
- water
- blephar/o
- eyelid
- conjuctiv/o
- conjectiva
- corne/o
- cornea
- kerat/o
- cornea
- ir/o
- colored circle, iris
- irid/o
- colored circle, iris
- lacrim/o
- tear
- dacry/o
- tear
- ocul/o
- eye
- opthalm/o
- eye
- opt/o
- eye
- phac/o
- lens (lentil)
- phak/o
- lens (lentil)
- phot/o
- light
- presby/o
- old age
- retin/o
- retina
- scler/o
- hard or sclera
- vitre/o
- glassy
- -opia
- condition of vision
- anterior chamber
- fluid-filled space between cornea and iris
- aqueous humor
- watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
- canal of Schlemm
- duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
- choroid
- vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina
- ciliary body
- ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens
- ciliary muscle
- smooth muscle portion of the cilieary body which contracts to assist in near vision capability
- ciliary process
- epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
- conjuctiva
- mucous membrance that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
- cornea
- transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber
- palpebra
- eyelid
- fovea centralis
- pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
- fundus
- interior surface of eyeball
- glands of Zeis
- oil glands surrounding eyelashes
- meibomian glands
- old glands located around the rim of the eyelids
- iris
- colored circle
- lacrimal gland
- gland that secretes tears
- lacrimal ducts
- tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
- lacrimal sac
- structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct
- lens
- focuses light rays on the retina
- lens capsule
- capsule that encloses lens
- macula lutea
- central region of the retina responsible for central vision
- nasolacrimal duct
- passageway for tears from lacrimal sac to nose
- optic disc
- exit site of retinal nerve
- optic nerve
- carries impulses from retina to brain
- posterior chamber
- space between back of itis and the front of the vitrous chamber
- pupil
- black opening in center of iris
- retina
- innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
- cones
- responds to bright light
- rods
- responds to dim light
- sclera
- tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
- trabecular meshwork
- mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm
- vitrous
- jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
- asthenopia
- eyestrain
- blepharospasm
- involuntary contraction surrounding eye causing unncontrolled blinking
- diplopia
- double vision
- exophtalmos/us
- abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
- lacrimation
- secretion of tears
- nystagmus
- involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball
- photophobia
- extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light
- scotoma
- blind spot in vision
- scotophobia
- fear of the dark
- refractive errors
- defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
- astigmatism
- distorted vision caused by oblong curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
- hyperopia
- farsightedness
- myopia
- nearsightedness
- presbyopia
- impaired vision caused by old age
- accomodation
- ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
- aphakia
- absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
- blepharitis
- inflammation of the eyelid
- blepharochalasis
- baggy eyelid
- dermatochalasis
- baggy eyelid
- blepharoptosis
- drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
- chalazion
- chronic nodular inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct
- cataract
- opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
- conjunctivitis
- pinkeye
- dacryocystitis
- inflammation of the lacrimal gland
- diabetic retinopathy
- disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage
- ectropion
- outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
- entropion
- inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
- epiphora
- abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
- glaucoma
- disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressur that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
- hordeolum
- a sty, acute infection
- iritis
- inflammation of the iris
- keratitis
- inflammation of the cornea
- macular degeneration
- breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or omplete loss of central vision
- pseudophakia
- an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
- pterygium
- a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjuntival tissue that extends onto the cornea developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
- retinal detachment
- seperation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
- retinitis
- inflammation of the retina
- strabismus
- a condition of the eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
- heterotropia
- eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
- esotropia
- right or left eye deviates inward toward nose
- exotropia
- right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose
- sceritis
- inflammation of the sclera
- trichiasis
- misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjuctiva or cornea
- distance visual acuity
- a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance
- fluorescein angiography
- visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels mase as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
- opthalmoscopy
- use of an opthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
- slit lamp biomicroscopy
- use if a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
- sonography
- use of high frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye such as foreign bodies or detached retina
- tonometry
- use of tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
- blepharoplasty
- surgical repair of eyelid
- cataract extraction
- excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
- cryoretinopexy
- use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear int he retina; used to treat retinal detachment
- dacryocystectomy
- excision of lacrimal sac
- enucleation
- excision of an eyeball
- iridectomy
- excision of a portion of iris tissue
- iridotomy
- incision into the iris to allow drainage of aqueous humor
- keratoplasty
- corneal transplant
- laser surgery
- use of laser to make incisions or destroy tissues
- laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
- using excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
- intraocular lens implant
- inplantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
- phacoemulsification
- use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
- contact lens
- a small plastic curved disc with optical correction tht fits over the cornea
- eye instillation
- introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop in the affected eye
- eye irrigation
- washing of the eye with water or other fluid
- antibiotic opthalmic solution
- antimicrobial agent in solution , used to treat bacterial infections
- mydriatic
- an agent that causes dilation of the pupil
- miotic
- an agent that causes the pupil to contract