Medical Terminology Ch10
Terms
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- aque/o
- water
- blephar/o
- eyelid
- conjunctiv/o
- conjunctive (to join together)
-
corne/o
kerat/o - cornea
-
ir/o
irid/o - colored circle, iris
-
lacrim/o
dacry/o - tear
-
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o - eye
-
phac/o
phak/o - lens (lentil)
- phot/o
- light
- presby/o
- old age
- retin/o
- retina
- scler/o
- hard or sclera
- vitre/o
- glassy
- -opia
- condition of vision
- anterior chamber
- fluid filled space between cornea and iris
- aqueous humor
-
watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
(humor=fluid) - canal of Schlemm
- duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
- choroid
- vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
- ciliary body
- ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens
- ciliary muscle
- smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capabilty
- ciliary process
- epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
- conjunctiva
- mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
- cornea
- transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
- eyelid (palpebra)
- movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
- fovea centralis
-
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
(fovea=pit) - fundus (base)
- interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
- glands of Zeis
- oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
- meibomian glands
- oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
- iris
- colored circle, colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dialates to regulate light passing through the pupil
- lacrimal gland
- tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
- lacrimal sac
- structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct
- lens
- transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
- lens capsule
- capsule that encloses the lens
- macula lutea (macula)
-
central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provies its color
(lutea=yellow) - nasolacrimal duct
- passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
- optic disc
- exit site of retinal nerve fibers
- optic nerve
- nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the nerina to the brain
- posterior chamber
- space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor
- pupil
- black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
- retina
- innermost layer that perceives and trsmits light to the optic nerve
- cones
- cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
- rods
- rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
- sclera
- tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
- trabecular mechwork
- mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of schlemm
- vitreous
- jelly-like mass filing the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
- asthenopia
-
eyestrain
(asthenia = weak) - blepharospasm
- involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontroled blinking and lid squeezing
- diplopia
- double vision
- exophthalmos
- abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
- lacrimation
- secretion of tears
- nystagmus
-
involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball
(nystagmos = a nodding) - photophobia
- extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
- scotoma
-
blind spot in vision
(skotos = darkness) - refractive errors
- defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
- astigmatism
-
distorted cision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
(stigma = point) - hyperopia
- farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
- myopia
- impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
- accommodation
- ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
- aphakia
- absence of the lens usually after cataract extraction
- blepharitis
- inflamation of the eyelid
-
blepharochalasis
dermatochalasis - baggy eyelid; overabundence and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
-
blepharoptosis
ptosis - drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
- chalazion
-
chronic nodular inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct
(chalaza=hailstone) - cataract
- opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
- conjunctivitis
- pink eye; inflamation of the conjunctiva
- dacryoadenitis
- inflammation of the lacrimal gland
- diabetic retinopathy
- disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation leading to scaring and loss of vision
- dacryocystitis
- inflammation of the tear sac
- ectropion
- outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo=turning)
- entropion
- inward turning of the eyelid
- epiphora
- abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
- glaucoma
- group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
- hordeolum
- sty; an acute infection of a sabaceous gland of the eyelid
- iritis
- inflammation of the iris
- keratitis
- inflammation of the cornea
- macular degeneration
- breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
- pseudophakia
- an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artifical lens implant
- pterygium
- fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
- retinitis
- inflammation of the retina
-
strabismus
heterotropia - condition of eye misalingment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
- esotropia
- right or left eye deviates inward (toward nose)
- exotropia
- right or left eye deviates outward (toward nose)
- scleritis
- inflammation of the sclera
- trichiasis
- misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea
- distance visual acuity
-
measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, 20ft
20/20 vision - fluorescein angiography
- visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
- ophthalmoscopy
- use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
- slit lamp biomicroscopy
- use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, espevially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
- sonography
- use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina
- tonometry
- use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
- blepharoplasty
- surgical repair of an eyelid
- cataract extraction
- excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
-
cryoretinopexy
cryopexy - use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to reate retinal detachment
- dacryocystectomy
- excision of a lacrimal sac
- enucleation
- excision of an eyeball
- iridectomy
- incision into the iris to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
- keratoplasty
- corneal transplant
- laser surgery
- use of a laser to make incision or destroy tissues
- laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
- use of excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors
- intraocular lens (IOL) implant
- implantation of an artifical lens to replace a defective natural lens
- phacoemulsification
- use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
- contact lens
- small, plasitc, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
- eye instillation
-
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye
drop (gt)
drops (gtt) -
OD
OS
OU -
right eye
left eye
both eyes - eye irrigation
- washing of the eye with water or other fluid
- antibiotic ophthalmic solution
- antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections
- mydriatic
-
agent that causes the dialation of the pupil
used for eye exams - miotic
- and agent that causes the pupil to contract