bio wk 11
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- itis
- imflammation; disease
- convergent evolution
- The independent development of similarity between species as a result of their having similar ecological roles and selection pressures.
- conspecific
- Of or belonging to the same species
- mechanical isolation
- a form of reproductive isolation that occurs because of an incompatibility in structure of the male and female sex organs.
- ribozymes
- An enzymatic RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing.
- heterochrony
- Evolutionary change in the timing or rate of development.
- hort
- garden
- biological species concept
- The definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential in nature to interbreed and produce fertile offspring; a biological species is also called a sexual species.
- analogy
- The similarity of structure between two species that are not closely related; attributable to convergent evolution.
- adaptive zone
- A taxon that is considered together with its associated environmental regime(s), habitat , or niche .
- cladogram
- A dichotomous phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a classification of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.
- introgression
- The transplantation of genes between species resulting from fertile hybrids mating successfully with one of the parent species.
- specific epithet
- The second part of a binomial, it refers to one species within a genus.
- genus
- A taxonomic category above the species level, designated by the first word of a species' binomial Latin name.
- binomial
- The two-part latinized name of a species, consisting of genus and specific epithet.
- behaviorial isolation
- An isolating mechanism in which two allopatric species do not mate because of differences in courtship behavior
- kingdoms
- A taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain.
- hypho
- weaving
- hipp
- horse
- allometric growth
- The variation in the relative rates of growth of various parts of the body, which helps shape the organism.
- lachry
- tear
- hypo
- beneath; under; less
- historical contingency
- the occurrence of unforeseen events
- cohesion concept of species
- The idea that specific evolutionary adaptations and discrete complexes of genes define species.
- homesis
- Evolutionary alteration in the placement of different body parts.
- adaptive radiation
- The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems.
- infro
- below; beneath
- habitat isolation
- refers to situations where two species may live in the same general area but live or reproduce in different habitats.
- domain bacteria
- domain that contains normal bacteria and not archaebacteria
- orders
- In classification, the taxonomic category above family.
- sympatric speciation
- A mode of speciation occurring as a result of a radical change in the genome of a subpopulation, reproductively isolating the subpopulation from the parent population.
- allopatric speciation
- A mode of speciation induced when the ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier.
- holo
- entire; whole
- pangaea
- The supercontinent formed near the end of the Paleozoic era when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together.
- hybrid breakdown
- a decline in viability expressed in the F2 or later linebred generations compared to the F1 or P1.
- classical evolutionary systematics
- approach predates phenetics and cladistics, attempts to balance the dual criteria of extent of divergence and branching sequence
- impact hypothesis
- the now-dominant scientific theory for the formation of the Moon, which is thought to have formed as a result of a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body that is sometimes called Theia or, on rare occasion, Orpheus or Hephaestus.
- punctuated equilibrium
- A theory of evolution advocating spurts of relatively rapid change followed by long periods of stasis.
- homology
- Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry.
- hypno
- sleep
- hydr
- water
- phenetics
- An approach to taxonomy based entirely on measurable similarities and differences in phenotypic characters, without consideration of homology, analogy, or phylogeny.
- eubacteria
- most prokaryotes
- hybrid
- mongrel
- adaptive peak
- An equilibrium state in a population when the gene pool has allele frequencies that maximize the average fitness of a population's members.
- family
- In classification, the taxonomic category above genus.
- less
- without
- kilo
- thousand
- inter
- between
- iso
- equal; same
- Recognition concept of species
- The idea that specific mating adaptations become fixed in a population and form the basis of species identification.
- postzygotic barriers
- Any of several species-isolating mechanisms that prevent hybrids produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults.
- domain archae
- the most ancient domain consisting of the most primitive organisms that lived on Earth
- radiometric dating
- A method paleontologists use for determining the ages of rocks and fossils on a scale of absolute time, based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes.
- ion
- go; come
- geographic barriers
- divides a single population into two sub-populations, A and B, preventing gene flow between them.
- species
- A group whose members possess similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to interbreed.
- polyploidy
- A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
- intra
- within; inside
- claudistics
- A taxonomic approach that classifies organisms according to the order in time at which branches arise along a phylogenetic tree, without considering the degree of morphological divergence.
- ism
- a state or condition
- classes
- In classification, the taxonomic category above order.
- geological time scale
- A time scale established by geologists that reflects a consistent sequence of historical periods, grouped into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
- preadaptation
- a situation where an organism uses a preexisting anatomical structure inherited from an ancestor for a potentially unrelated purpose.
- phyla
- A taxonomic category. Phyla are divided into classes.
- ign
- fire
- in
- to; toward into
- im
- not
- lact
- milk
- species selection
- A theory maintaining that species living the longest and generating the greatest number of species determine the direction of major evolutionary trends.
- archaebacteria
- term refers to the antiquity of the group's orgin from the earliest cells.
- ine
- of or pertaining to
- protobionts
- Aggregates of abiotically produced molecules.
- gametic isolation
- is a prezygotic isolation in the most literal sense
- ic
- added to nouns to form adjectives
- hybrid zone
- A region where two related populations that diverged after becoming geographically isolated make secondary contact and interbreed where their geographic ranges overlap.
- hist
- tissue
- stromatolites
- Rock made of banded domes of sediment in which are found the most ancient forms of life: prokaryotes dating back as far as 3.5 billion years.
- taxon
- The named taxonomic unit at any given level.
- hyper
- above; beyond; over
- ichthy
- fish
- prezygetic barriers
- A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization of ova if interspecific mating is attempted.
- monophyletic
- Pertaining to a taxon derived from a single ancestral species that gave rise to no species in any other taxa.
- Paedomorphosis
- The retention in an adult organism of the juvenile features of its evolutionary ancestors.
- homo
- man
- autopolyploid
- A type of polyploid species resulting from one species doubling its chromosome number to become tetraploid, which may self-fertilize or mate with other tetraploids.
- lat
- side; flank
- half-life
- The number of years it takes for 50% of an original sample of an isotope to decay.
- macroevolution
- Evolutionary change on a grand scale, encompassing the origin of new taxonomic groups, evolutionary trends, adaptive radiation, and mass extinction.
- polyphyletic
- Pertaining to a taxon whose members were derived from two or more ancestral forms not common to all members.
- hygr
- wet; moist
- paraphyletic
- Pertaining to a taxon that excludes some members that share a common ancestor with members included in the taxon.