Special Education Chapters 1-4
Terms
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- Oral Reading Fluency (DIBELS)
- Assesses child's skill in reading connected text by reading in an unfamiliar passage of grade-level material for 1 minute; benchmark is 40+, 90+, 110+ words read correctly per minute by end of first, second, and third grade respectively
- Melting Pot Theory
- Immigrants were expected to relinquish their native language and cultural heritage in exchange for complete adoption of the language, values, and the new "American way of life"
- LRE Level VII
- Homebound or hospital programs with an itinerant teacher or tutorial services; can be short term (injury) or long term (cancer)
- Developmentally Delayed
- IDEA allows children 3-9 years old to be identified as this and to receive special education services without the use of a special disability label
- Minority
- An attempt to categorize by race, not by culture
- Ethnocentrism
- Inability to view other cultures as equally viable alternatives
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
- Declared a person cannot be excluded on the basis of a handicap alone from any program or activity receiving federal funds
- At Risk
- Children who, although not currently identified as having a disability, are considered to have a greater-than-usual chance of developing one
- Cultural Pluralism
- Ethnic groups remain intact and their idiosyncratic ways of knowing and acting are respected and continued
- LRE Level II
- In regular classroom; consultative services available to both teacher and student
- Intelligence
- Ability to acquire, remember, and use information appropriately
- Moderate Mental Retardation
- Achieve at about 2nd grade level; attend public schools in self-contained classroom; taught survival skills and other activities that will allow them to be as self-sufficient as possible
- Severe and Profound Mental Retardation
- Identified immediately at birth due to severity of disability; many multiply handicapped; need total care and much support from specialists (OT, PT, SLP)
- 20/20 Analysis
- Lowest-achieving 20% and highest-achieving 20% of students would be identified and eligible for broad approaches to improvement of learning opportunities
- Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
- Education with children who have no disabilities to the maximum extent possible
- LRE Level IV
- Special education classroom for majority of the school day; inclusion with regular education peers whenever possible for formalized instruction
- LRE Level VI
- Classroom in a separate facility for handicapped students (special day schools)
- DIBELS (The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy)
- Developed to be an efficient indicator of key reading skills for early identification of children at risk for reading difficulties and to assess the effects of interventions designed to prevent such failures
- Parent and Student Participation and Shared Decision Making
- Schools must collaborate with parents and students with disabilities in the design and implementation of special education services
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT)
- Professionals from different disciplines who work independently of another; each team member conducts assessments, plans interventions, and delivers services
- American Disabilities Act (ADA)
- Provides civil rights protection against discrimination to citizens with disabilities in private sector employment, access to all public services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications
- LRE Level I
- In regular classroom; no support services, just classroom teacher
- Culture
- Many different factors that shape one's sense of group identity; a way of life of a social group
- Classification
- Complex issue involving emotional, political, and ethical considerations in addition to scientific, fiscal, and educational interests
- Multicultural Education
- Attempts to teach children in ways that recognize the contributions of many cultures in the United States
- Cultural Diversity
- Prefered when referring to children whose backgrounds are different enough to require special methods of assessment, instruction, intervention, or counseling
- Exceptional Children
- Children whose performance deviates from the norm (below or above) to the extent that special education is necessary
- Phonemic Segmentation Fluency (DIBELS)
- Assesses child's skill to produce each individual sound within a given word; benchmark is 35+ phonemes per minute by middle of first grade
- Handicap
- A problem or disadvantage that a person with a disability or an impairment encounters when interacting with the environment
- Mild Mental Retardation
- Function at about 5th grade level; able to perform certain tasks to assist in their daily living; attend public school in gneral education classroom and frequently attend vocational centers at high school level
- Class Action Lawsuit
- A lawsuit made on behalf of a group of people
- Etiology
- Term which means "cause" of a disorder
- Mental Retardation
- Disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
- Nonsense Word Fluency (DIBELS)
- Assesses child's knowledge of letter-sound correspondence as well as ability to blend letters together to form unfamiliar "words;" benchmark is 50+ letter sounds per minute by middle of first grade
- LRE Level III
- In classroom for majority of school day; also attends resource room for specialized instruction for 30 minutes to 3 hours a day to reinforce classroom work
- Child Find System
- State Education Agency (SEA) is responsible for locating, identifying, and evaluating all chidlren from birth to 21, residing in state with disabilities or who are suspected of having disabilities
- Interdisciplinary Team
- Formal channels of communication between members; each professional conducts discipline specific assignments; team meets to share information and develop intervention plans
- Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation
- Must use nonbiased, multifactored methods of evaluations to determine whether a student has a disability, and whether special education is needed
- Initial Sounds Fluency (DIBELS)
- Assesses child's skill to identify and produce initial sound of a given word; benchmark is 25+ initial word sounds per minute by middle of kindergarten
- Impairment
- The loss or reduced function of a particular body part or organ
- APGAR scale
- Evaluates infant on heart rate, respiratory condition, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color
- Curriculum-Based Measurement
- Students are assessed and classified relative to the degree to which they are learning specific curriculum content
- Cultural Assimilation
- Understand multiple beliefs but the primary goal is the combination of all groups into the American mainstream
- Transdisciplinary Team
- Members share information and expertise across discipline boundaries, which enables selection of goals and planning of services that are discipline free; members share roles (role release) conducting joint assessments and integrated therapy
- Disability
- Exists when an impairment limits a person's ability to perform certain tasks
- LRE Level V
- Full time placement in a speical education classroom; no inclusion with regular education students for formalized instruction, but social inclusion is all right at recess, lunch, field trips, etc