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Plant life cycles

Terms

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Meiosis
the cell division creating haploid daughter cells with only one set of
chromosomes
Spores
Result of meiosis. 1N
In angiosperms: pollen grains and egg sacs (inside ovules). First cells of gametophyte generation.
Gametophyte
Independant 1N individual. Eventually produces egg and sperm - the gametes (gamete bearer).
Zygote
2N fusion of egg and sperm after fertilization becomes sporophyte.
Sporophyte
2N individual. Develops sporangia to produce spores (spore bearer).
Pollination
the act of transferring pollen from anther or male cone to stigma or female
cone; restricted to seed plants
Fertilization
the act of fusion between sperm and egg – must follow pollination in seed
plants; fertilization occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms.
Gamete
the haploid cells that participate in fertilization, egg and sperm. These are
produced by specialized structures in the gametophyte generation of plants called
gametangia. In flowering plants the gametophytes are so reduced (pollen grain and
embryo sac) that distinct structures are not found.
Gametophytes in angiosperms
Pollen and 8 celled egg sac
Polar nuclea
Two nuclei in a cell in embryo sac with 6 eggs
3n triploid endosperm
The fertilized polor nulceli cell that serves as nutient source for developing embryo
Integuments
Double layer around embryo sac. Collectively called the ovule.
Antheridium
Structure on gametophyte that produces the sperm
Archegonia
Structure on gametophyte that produces the eggs.

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