Social History 1800-1860
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- Southern social change
- Increased dependence on slavery
- Development of commerce
- Larger middle class everywhere, especially in the north
- Industrialization
- Poverty and immigrants, who formed the frontier
- The American city - cons
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very unhealthy- waste, plumbing, sweres were gross
major epidemics - The American city - pros
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(1) Jobs
(2) Opportunity for advancement
(3) Leisure stuff
(4) Labor Unions - The south
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Distribution of wealth
(1) Aristocracy had most the wealth
(2) middle class - tradesmen, brokers, professionals
(3) working class - factories/craft/etc - Cult of domesticity
- Women raised kids and men worked
- Poverty
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Immigrants!
Ireland and Germany
-treated poorly because of job competition
-Irish were Catholic
-violence, which resulted in municipal police - Rural life
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no neighbors! family ties were strong.
Family and church was everything.
no transporation (other than water)
more substinence - Slavery
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MOST PEOPLE DID NOT OWN SLAVES
-only 2% population owned 20+ slaves - Southern paternalism
- -black people couldn't take care of themselves so slavery benefitted EVERYONE
- Slaves
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substinence poverty
Housed in one room cabins with their family
bad conditions
Imports were banned in 1808, so it was necessary to keep slaves alive. - Yeomen
- whites who owned no slaves and farmed land with their families
- Landless whites
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Farmed as tenants, hired themselves out as laborers
Small chance for climbing social ladder - Free blacks
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Freed from Revolutionary War
black codes: could not own guns, etc.
Suffered prejudiced
Many mulattos (many were relatively rich) - Frontier Living
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The Louisiana Purchase was awaiting people.
US gov. encouraged it by selling cheap, loaning money, etc. - Ohio valley
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grain production and grain farming
"The nation's bredbasket" - Fur trading on the frontier
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Constantly moved west
Hunted beavers to extinction - The west
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cattle ranchers
Miners
difficult life (climate ,NA)
Symbolized freedom and EQUALITY - Second Great Awakening
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Early in the century
Formed in random places - revivals - Temperance societies
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WOMEN were HUGE on reforms
Grew until the amendment in 1919 - Other groups
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Anti-gambling
Lotteries outlawed
Anti-prostitution
Penitentiaries
Asylums
Orphanages - Dorothea Dix
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REHAB criminals rather than punish them
Helped mental prisoners - Shakers - an Utopian group
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group from quakers that thought people neglected afterlives
gave equality to women
celibacy - numbers diminished - Mormons
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Joseph Smith - Acceptance of polygamy
Left to Salt Lake region
Made the area from desert to farmable place - Women's Rights movement
- Seneca Falls Convention - motivated by anti-slavery convention where Lucretia Mott and Stanton were rejected
- Woman's suffrage
- Susan B. Anthony
- Horrace Mann
- public education and started using books
- THE BIGGIE- Abolition
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In 1830s, only Quakers wanted to abolish slavory.
Great Awakening persuaded many. - Kinds of abolitionists
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(1) Immediatists - emancipation immediately
(2) Moderates - slowly with southern cooperation - William Lloyd Garison
- Immediatist who began The Liberator. Powerful righter that fueled debate. Antigonized the south and stirred up Congress.
- Gag rule
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Congress forbade discussion on the issue
(1836 - 1844) - The early abolitionists
- Were black. They met in convention every year.
- Frederick Douglass
- Published The North Star. He was an escaped slave that published an autobiography
- Harriet Tubman
- Underground railroad to bring slaves to safety
- Sojourner Truth
- Campaigned for emancipation and women's rights. Good speaker