APUSH CH 24 IDS
Terms
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- "parity"/ McNary- Haugen Bill
- In agriculture, a complicated formula for setting an adequate price for farm goods and ensuring that farmers would earn back their production costs no matter how the national or world agricultural market fluctuates. The bill was a plan to raise the prices of farm products. The government could buy and sell the commodities at world price and tariff. Surplus sold abroad. It was vetoes twice by Coolidge. It was the forerunner of the 1930's agricultural programs.
- teapot dome scandal
- One of many scandals under Harding. Involved priceless naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Albert B. Fall got Secertary of Navy, Denby to transfer valuable goods to Interior Department secretly. Harry Sinclair and Edward L Dohney were released the lands after paying a large bribe. Scandal polluted governments prestiege and made public wonder about the sufficency of government and undermined faith in courts
- andrew mellon
- He was the Secretary of the Treasury during the 1920s and under Harding that had the theory that high taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories that provided prosperous payrolls. He had followers in his theory called Mellonites. He helped engineer a series of tax reductions and reduced national debt by $10 billion. He was accused of indirectly encouraging the bull market and starting the descent into the stock market crash. Some people, however, believed he was the "greatest secretary of treasury since Hamilton." He used "trickle-down" economics.
- alfred smith
- He ran for president in the 1928 election for the Democrat Party. He was known for his drinking and he lost the election to Herbert Hoover. Prohibition was one of the issues of the campaign. He was the first Roman Catholic to run for president, and it was during a time many people were prejudice toward Catholics
- A. Philip Randolph/ Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
- one of the few important unions dominated and led by African Americans.
- harlem renaissance
- created in New York City, when a new generation of African Americans created a flourishing artistic life; poets, novelists, and artists drew from their African roots and racial heritage
- ku klux klan/ klaverns
- most Klan units tried to present their members as patriots and defenders of morality and some did nothing more menacing than stage occasional parades and rallies.
- prohibition/ wets/ drys
- prohibition of the sale and manufacture of alcohol went into effect in January 1920, its supporters were called drys, and opponents were wets.
- national woman's pary/ alice paul/ equal rights amendment
- this political party, under the leadership of Alice Paul attempted to fight that powerlessness in society through its campaign for the Equal Right Amendment, but it found little support in Congress.
- American plan
- the crusade for the open shop, a shop in which no worker could be required to join a union, this became a pretext for a harsh campaign of union- busting.
- Sigmund Freud/ Carl Jung
- both legitimized the idea of exploring the unconscious as a way of discovering the roots of mental problems, Psychoanalysis began to attract American Adherents as early as 1912, and significantly spread in the 1920's.
- National Broadcasting Company
- the first national radio network, formed in 1927.
- Gregor Mendel/ Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Mendel, a Catholic monk began genetic research in Australia, when he performed experiments on the hybridization of vegetables in a garden, but his research didn't attract much attention in his lifetime. Morgan became an American pioneer
- The Man nobody knows/ Bruce Barton
- Advertising executive Barton called Jesus the "founder of modern business" because he picked men up from the bottom ranks and built a successful empire.
- margaret sanger
- she organized a birth-control movement which openly championed the use of contraceptives in the 1920's.
- John t. scopes/ clarence darrow/ william jennings bryan
- Prosecution of Dayton, Tennessee school teacher, John Scopes, for violation of the Butler Act, a Tennessee law forbidding public schools from teaching about evolution. Former Democratic presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan, prosecuted the case, and the famous criminal attorney, Clarence Darrow, defended Scopes. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but the trial started a shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism.
- Vannevar Bush/ Howard Aiken
- leaders of researchers at MIT, Bush created an instrument capable of performing a variety of complicated tasks; the first analog computer, and Aiken, a few years later, built a more complex computer with memory capable of multiplying eleven digit numbers in 3 seconds.
- american civil liberties union
- when the ACLU offered free counsel to any Tennessee educator willing to defy the law on teaching evolution, and become the defendant in a test case, a twenty four year old biology teacher, John Scopes, in the town of Dayton agreed to have himself arrested.
- Welfare Capitalism/ Henry Ford
- some employers adopted this paternalistic technique over their workers, i.e. Ford shortened the workweek, raised wages, and instituted paid vacations.
- herbert hoover
- He was the head of the Food Administration during World War I. He became the Secretary of Commerce and encouraged businesses to regulate themselves. Hoover was a Republican (laizes faire)known for his integrity who won the election of of 1928. He had to deal with the Great Crash of 1929, which caused the Great Depression. He signed the Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act. His belief in "rugged individualism" kept him from giving people direct relief during the Great Depression.
- f. scott fitzgerald
- He belonged to the Lost Generation of Writers. He wrote the famous novel "The Great Gatsby" which explored the glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society.
- warren harding/ ohio gang
- A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved.
- KDKA
- One of the first radio stations (pittsburg) to pioneer in commercial radio broadcasting in 1920. By 1922 there were 508 radio stations.
- calvil coolidge
- became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.
- sheppard- towner act
- women activists won a brief triumph in 1921 when they helped secure passage of this act, which provided fed. funds to states to establish prenatal and child health care- programs.
- fundamentalists
- provincial, largely rural men and women fighting to preserve traditional faith and to maintain the centrality of religion in American life.
- national origins act of 1924
- banned immigration from east Asia entirely, and reduced the quota for Europeans from 3 to 2 percent.
- langston hughes
- poet, he captured much of the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance movement in a single sentence: "I am a Negro—and beautiful".
- John B. Watson/ behavioralism
- challenged the belief in introspection and exploration of the unconscious, instead he argued that mental ailment, like physical ones, should be treated by observation and treatment of symptoms of behavior.
- sinclair lewis
- Lewis was the chief chronicler of Midwestern life. He was a master of satire and wrote "Main Street" in 1920. Then he wrote "Babbitt" which describe a materialistic middle-class American businessman.