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Tariff of 1816: This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods
National/Democratic- Republicans: Election of 1828 Jackson(demo. rep.) v.s. J.Q. Adams(national. rep.) started the use of symbols, mud-slinging, and slogans. Jackson wins Sig. New era of politics
Nationalism: love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Florida Purchase Treaty: 1819 - Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain
War Hawks: Southern and Western members of congress who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
Spoils System: rewarding supporters w/ public office Sig. non- qualified supporters sometimes rewarded, became key component of 2 party sys. and "get er done"
James Monroe: 5th president, begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings
william marbury: midnight judge that did not recieve his summons because madison neverr sent it out
Tariff of Abominations: protec Industry/ drive up prices, made south mad and becomes an issue of states rights (slavery) Sig. brings up VA & KY resolutions - state can nullify a fed law.
john marshall: Was a Federalist whose decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court promoted federal power over state power and established the judiciary as a branch of government equal to the legislative and executive.
talleyrand: The French foreign minster at the time of the Quadruple Alliance, was everybody's' counterpart. Was in power during the division of the land., French representative at the Congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French.
Hartford Convention: December 1814 - A convention of New England merchants who opposed the Embargo and other trade restriction, and the War of 1812. Proposed Amendments to the Constitution and advocated the right of states to nullify federal laws, also discussed the idea of seceding from the U.S. if their desires were ignored. The Hartford Convention turned public sentiment against the Federalists and led to the demise of the party.
Chesapeake: American ship boarded by the HMS Leopard which became one of the causes of the war of 1812
Force Bill: use of whatever force necessary to enforce tariffs. It was intended to suppress South Carolina's nullification of tariffs Sig. abuse of presidental powers
Tallmadge Amendment: When Missouri applied for statehood, there was a dispute over whether it would be admitted as a slave or free state. Admitted Missouri's existing slave population, but forbid the introduction of additional slaves. Admitted Missouri as a slave state but forbid slavery north of the 36°30" latitude in the Louisiana Purchase region
Divorce Bill: Independent treasury act sig. created an ind. treasury department seperate from gov't still used today
Convention of 1818: Set the border between the U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel (or latitude). Also affirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and Labrador.
Jackson's Bank War: Charter expires in 1836; Jackson makes plans to remove deposits "the Bankis trying to kill me, but i will kill it" sig. leads to fluctuation of economy
Tippecanoe and Tyler too: Slogan to William H. Harrison's whig party
John C. Calhoun: was Vice President under Jacksons first Presidency; was also behind the attempts of SC to nullify the "Tariff of Bominations" and the Charter renewal for the bank
livingston: leaser of the American Revolution who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)
Treaty of Ghent: December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
Battle of Tippecanoe: 1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi.
impressment: British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
William Henry Harrison: Govenor of the Indiana territory, that fought against Tecumseh and the Prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe
Nicholas Biddle: the president of the Bank of the United States, held an immense and possible unconsitutional amout of power over the nations's finacial affairs
Aaron Burr: Aaron Burr was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President.
Tecumseh: a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
embargo act: signed by thomas jefferson in 1807 - stop export of all american goods and american ships from sailing for foreign ports, In response to impressment, this bill halted all foreign trade, and created disastrous economic consequences
Missouri Compromise: an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
On to Canada: Upon declaring against the British, the War Hawks' made their slogan "On to Canada!" a reality. With forces outnumbering the British almost 35 to 1, they expected a quick and easy victory
Major Ridge and John Ross: 1835 Ridge signs treaty w/ govt. giving up eastern land; Ross is asked to sign but refuses; Ridge party and 6,000 cherokkes leave eastern lands more than 16,000 refuse to comply
sacagawea: Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark
non-intercourse act: prohibited trade only with britain and france, halted Importation of many British but failed to influence British (1806)
sectionalism: Practice of placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole
Compromise Tariff of 1833: provided for a gradual lowering of duties and the Force Bill which authorized the president to use arms to collect customs duties in S. Carolina. sig. Jackson would do wat he had to keep SC in U.S.
Inidan Removal Act: All eastern tribes can be located west of missippi River sig. kicked them out b/c of ethnicity, openly violeted supreme court
Marbury V. Madison: sumpreme court case was the concept of judicial review
Maysville Road Veto: fedral founding of cumberland Rd. extension in KY; passed through Congress; Vetoed by Jackson Sig. shows fedralism, presidential powers, checks and balance or abuse of power
Worcestor V. State of Georgia: Marshall rules favor Worcestor; Jackson "marshall has made his decision no let him enforce it" sig. did not respect checks and balances
Whigs: started b/c of hatred towards Jackson; Henry clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster; sig end of Era of good Feeling
Oliver Perry: Oliver Perry led a 1813 naval victory against the British on Lake Erie. Washington D.C. was captured and burned by the British in 1814. The Battle of New Orleans was a great victory for the U.S. in January, 1815, but it took place two weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war
Martin Van Buren: Jackson's succesor; seen as Jackson's "yes man"; won Election of 1836;
log cabins and hard cider: symbols to William H. Harrison's whig party
Executive Priviledge: This is the President's right to keep some information secret from Congress and the courts.
Battle of New Orleans: Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.
lewis and clark: Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.
judicial review: review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court
Corrupt Bargain: In the election of 1824, no candidate was able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, tputting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.
James wilkinson: Wilkinson had been an officer in the Continental Army, and later held several positions relating to the Army, such as secretary of the board of war and clothier general to the army. He was one of the Commissioners appointed to receive the Purchase Louisiana from the French, and served as Governor of Louisiana from 1805-1806. He informed Pres. Jefferson of Burr's conspiracy to take over Louisiana, and was the primary witness against Burr at his treason trial, even though Wilkinson was himself implicated in the plot.
American system: Henry Clay wrote this book with the aim of making the nation economically self-sufficient and free from dependency on Europe. In 1816 Congress charted the Second Bank of the US and enacted a moderate tariff.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend: fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.
William Crawford: was Sec. of Treasury under James Monroe Presidency; and a canidate for Presidency in 1824 he represented the south in this election
Peggy Eaton: Van Buren was elevated to a position as Jackson's favorite (replacing Calhoun) Sig. Calhoun would now be the succesor of the Demo. party.
Nullification Crisis: 1832 South Carolina tries to nullify tarrif; SC threatens sucession; Jackson threatens invasion; Henry Clay creats compromise Sig. Rift between Jackson and Calhoun and showed that Jackson would do wat he had to keep SC in U.S.
2nd National Bank: As a Republican, Jefferson opposed the National Bank. The Second Bank of the U.S. was established in 1816 and was given more authority than the First Bank of the U.S. Bank loans were used to finance the American industrial revolution in the period after the War of 1812.
Trail of Tears: May 1838 Van Buren assigns Genral Winfield Scott to head forcible removal; 17,000 cherokees and 2,000 slaves are removed at gunpoint; moved 1,200 miles to inidan territory; sig. Jackson views still seen
"Common Man" Politics: War hero, no issues/ no platform, catchy slogan and symbols sig. two party sys. cemented in politics
essex junto: New England's merchants opposed the War of 1812 because it cut off trade with Great Britain. Critics of the war were mainly Federalists who represented New England. The Essex Junto was a group of extreme Federalists led by Aaron Burr who advocated New England's secession from the U.S.
Cumberland Road: The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.

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