Unit 3 indentification
Terms
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- treaty of ghent
- armistice btwn US & england; returns prisoners and ends war of 1812
- Tecumseh
- Shawnee leader that, along with his brother, forms a indian confederation and is defeated by Harrison.
- Peggy eaton affair
- Peggy eaton a woman w/ sordid past; ignored by ladies in white house, and by Calhoun, but Jackson and Van Buren side w/ her; guarentees Van Buren as next president
- John Marshall
- one of the midnight judges; federalist chief justice that pointed out judicial review and always ruled his cases in favor of the federal government, weakening the power of the state governments.
- "On to Canada!"
- war cry for war of 1812
- Bank War
- Jackson vs. Bank & Biddle; Jackson begins taking out funds and putting them into pet banks, successfully "killing" the bank; leads to fluctuation in economy and eventual panic
- hartford convention
- new england states propose new laws and amendments restore pwr to new england states; causes of stigma of disloyalty that crushes the federalist party
- Spoils system
- Jackson rewarded his supporters w/office jobs; put non-qualified people in office sometimes, but all were in agreement; becomes a key componenet of two-party system
- Nicholas Biddle
- chairman of Bank of US; Fights jackson to keep Bank open w/new charter
- Marbury Vs. Madison
- Case of the midnight judges; Jefferson orders Madison not to send appointments of judges, results in case where one judge does not get his appointment; John Marshall rules the Supreme Court out with "JUDICIAL REVIEW" that says court decides what is constitutional and what is not.
- Tariff of 1816
- tariff designed to protect american industry; caused sectionalism between industrial north and agrarian south, who was not getting as much protection from it
- Indian Removal Act
- act that forced thousands of indians off their lands; discrimination still goes on
- "We are all republicans, we are all federalists"
- Jefferson's non-partisan quote; he was trying to appeal to the common man by taking sides with both parties
- Embargo Act
- Jefferson's retaliation to British & french impressment of American ships. stopped trade w/either country, but crippled american trade more; served to temporarily revive federalists and created American industrial independence.
- William Marbury
- one of the midnight judges; sued the government in order to get his appointment; started Marbury Vs. Madison
- 2nd national bank
- erected in 1816, following Clay's "American System Plan"; regulated govt money; created more sectionalism as east/north supported it and the west did not
- Compromise tariff of 1833
- compromise for both the govt and S. Carolina; dropped the tariff to a medial price and ended the secession attempt at that time.
- Florida Purchase treaty
- Jackson crushes a group of Seminole indians that raided Georgia towns; does Adams-Onis treaty, taking florida from Spain and adding it to US
- Cumberland road
- first interstate road in America; stimulated westward expansion and attracted trade
- pasha of tripoli
- emperor of the barbary area; had american sailors captured and demanded bribe money for them. He was the cause for the first foreign war America got into.
- impressment
- when british would kidnap american sailors and put them to work on british ships; main cause for War of 1812
- Burr conspiracy
- Aaron Burr connected w/essex junto (new england secession attempt); plotted w/General James Wilkinson to take over louisiana territory and is tried for treason; the case defines "treason"
- judicial review
- "established" by John Marshall; Supreme court alone has the power to determine whether a ruling or law is constitutional; set judicial branch in as a power in checks and balances
- Henry Clay
- Statesman for the house of representatives; had a "american System" plan; 3 parts: a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a network of roads and canals
- Major Ridge, John Ross
- cherokee leaders that created Treaty party; Ridge signs off Cherokee land to Govt, but Ross does not; start of Trail of tears
- battle of tippecanoe
- Tecumseh & the prophet form confederation and are defeated by William Henry Harrison; makes many americans suspicious of british aid and stirred up talk of canadian invasion
- chesapeake incident
- british leopard sailors wanted to board chesapeake, chesapeake refuses, leopard fires at chesapeake; another cause of war of 1812
- maysville road veto
- Bill giving federal funding to Kentucky extension of Cumberland rd. is vetoed; makes roadwork a state issue and once again shows the executive power
- Monroe doctrine
- useless speech that monroe made saying that no latin-american intervention or colonization from europe; enforced by british fleet; later becomes important part of American foreign policy
- Common man politics
- Where the politicians would be expressed as common folk that drink common drinks and lived in common homes; idea of appealing to the masses
- missouri compromise
- missouri requests to come in as a slave state and congress balances it out by accepting Maine too; put slavery off once again and no more slave states could be admitted into LA territory. slowly trying to wean america off of slaves.
- sectionalism
- devotion to a particular group or region over country; new political parties are emerging, dividing the nation
- South Carolina Exposition
- written in secret by Calhoun who borrowed heavily from KY and VA resolutions, making then valid; widens rift btwn Calhoun and Jackson by a lot
- "Mosquito fleet"
- contemptible name for the navy of jefferson's presidency. Trying to avoid a overly-strong army, he had the navy dwindled down to a few tiny boats
- Force Bill
- the govt can take tariff by force if need be; further showed the strength of the federal govt.
- nullification crisis
- S. Carolina tries to nullify Tariff or threaten secession; causes force bill and the rift btwn Calhoun and Jackson increases
- Battle of Horseshoe bend/ New Orleans
- Andrew Jackson defeats creek indians and the indians cede 2/3 of their land to U.S.; New Orleans: big victory of jackson, after treaty of signed; makes Jackson a war hero
- Nationalism
- intense patriotism to country and wanting to see the country suceed; caused by war of 1812; the nation is being born and connected
- Tariff of Abominations
- designed to protect industries and spike prices; south pissed b/c has to pay the most; becomes an issue of slavery: can states ignore this like slavery? Southern states preach nullification
- John Marshall cases
- Cases that John Marshall ruled in the name of the federal govt; Strengthened the power of the national govt and protected propery rights
- 1824 election/"corrupt bargain"
- John Q. Adams vs. Andrew Jackson; opens south and west to voting and there is the biggest turnout ever seen; 1st "minority president" win; corrupt bargain btwn adams and clay, Jackson says
- Aaron Burr
- shot Alexander Hamilton; participated in the Burr conspiracies, making him the "Benedict Arnold" of the day.