Zoology 2
Terms
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PHYLUM: CNIDARIA
CLASS: ANTHOZOA
SUBCLASS: Zoantheria
Examples: stony corals, anemones, zoanthids -
CHARACTERISTICS:
-skeleton, if present (corals) CaCO3 (limestone)
-polyps bear numerous nonpinnate tentacles (in multiples of 6) -
PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHES
"flatworms"
Examples: planarians, flukes, tapeworms -
BODY STRUCTURE:
--flattened bodies, dorsoventially
--3 primary germ layers
*ectoderm - epidermis, nervous system
*endoderm - lining of gut
*mesoderm - msenchyme (filler) reproductive organs, muscles, kidneys
BILATERAL SYMMETRY -
PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS: Turbellaria
EXAMPLES: Planarians -
CHARACTERISTICS:
-body segmented
-without distinct head structure
_with protrusible pharynx sand 1,3, or many intestinal branches
-ventral surface of body ciliated through life
- simple mouth located midventrally on body, a few parasitic forms have suckers
- simple epidermis -
PHYLUM: CNIDARIA
BODY SYSTEMS:::::
1) Integument
-neurosensory cells
-epidermis (contains epithaeliomuscular cel)
-cnidocyte - defensive cells
-interstitial cells
2) Skeletal system
-corals -e ach polyp -
6) Circulatory Functions
-no circulation circulatory system
-radial canals in medusae serve as nutrient distribution funtions
8) Nervous system
-nerve net
-sense organs
**ocelli - eye spot cluster of photoreceptor cells, measure light intensity
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PHYLUM: CNIDARIA
CLASS: Scyphozoa
Examples: jellyfishes, Aurelia, Cassiopeia -
POLYP:
-relatively small and inconspicuous
-mouth leads directly into G-V cavity
-G-V cavity a simple chamber
-no gonads on polyp
-numerous tentacles
-asexual budding by strobilization
MEDUSA:
-numerous radial canals
-manubrium with large oral arms
-gonads gastroderma
NO VELUM -
PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS: MONOGENEA
Examples; momogenetic flukes -
CHARACTERISTICS:
-body segmented
-without distinct head structure
-Pharynx not protrusible; with 2 intestinal branches
-only larval stages ciliated
-wtih oral sucker and large posterior opisthaptor 9w/hooks and suckers)
-epidermis modified intoa tegument, but not used in food absorption
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Characteristics
PHYLUM: Cnidaria
***Examples: hydras, jellyfishes, anemones, corals -
1) Body consists of 2 cellular layers (epidermis/inner gastrodermis)
2) Radial or biradial symmetry
3) possession of specialized cells (cnidocytes - stingling structures called nematocysts
4) simple or branched gastrovascular cabity
5) Nervous system arranged as a nerve net -
CNIDARIA LIFE CYCLE -
2 body forms
- Polyp: sessile (attached) form w/tube-like body column and mouth facing upwards
**asexually/sexually reproduction
- Medusa: free swimming;
** mouth suspended downwards underneath umbrella
**sexually-reproducing stage -
PHYLUM: CNIDARIA
CLASS: ANTHOZOA
**Examples: corals, soft corals, anemones -
POLYP:
-lage and conspicuous
-mouth leads into tubelike pharynz
-G-V cavity partitioned by septa (mesenteries)
-gonads presetn on polyp, gastrodermal
-6,8, or numerous tentacles
-asexual budding lateral
MEDUSA:
_medusa absent -
PHYLUM::: PLATYHEWLMINTHES
Life system
1) Integument - simple epidermis
2) skeletal system - NONE
3)Muscular system - paraehymal muscles - diagonal
4) Digestive system
*feeding styles
5) Excretory sys -
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS: Turbellaria
Exaples: planarians -
PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS: Cestoda
Examles: tapeworms,, Taenia -
CHARACTERISTICS:
-body divided into segments (proglottids)
-with head-like structure called a scolex, for attachment to host
- NO digestive system
--only larval stages in some species ciliated
-scolex armed with suckers; no mouth
-epidermis modified into absorptive tegument -
PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINYTHES
CLASS: TREMATODA
Exaples: digenetic flukes, Clonorchis, Fasciola -
CHARACTERISTICS:
- body unsegmented
- without distinct head structure
-pharynx not protrusible, w/2 intestinal branches
-only larval stages ciliated
-with oral sucker around mouth and simple ventral sucker
-epidermis modified into absorptive tegument -
PHYLUM:: Cnidaria
CLASS: Hydrozoa
**Examples--hydras, hydroids, Obelia, Hydra, Chlorohydra, Portuguese man-of-war -
POLYP:
-relatively large and conspicuous
-mouth leads directly into G-V cavity
-gonads, if present on polyp, epidermal
-numerous tentacles
-lateral asecual budding
MEDUSA:
-4 radial canals
-manubrium with small oral lobes
-gonads epiderman
velum present -
PHYLUM: CNIDARIA
CLASS: ANTHOZOA
SUBCLASS: Alcyonaria
EXAMPLES: sea fans, sea whips, organ-pipe coral -
CHARACTERISTICS:
-skeleton consists of gorgonin protein + crusty CACO3
-polyps bear 8 pinnate 9feathery) tentacles -
PHYLUM:: CNIDARIA
CLASS: Cubozoa
**Examples: Australian box jelly, sea wasp -
POLYP:
-small and inconspicuous
-mouth leads directly into G-V cavity
-G-V cavity a simple chamber
-no gonads on polyp
-polyp transforms into medusa
MEDUSA:
-4 radial pouches
-manubrium with small oral lobes
-gonads gastrodermal
-4 tentacles
VELARIUM PRESENT