This site is 100% ad supported. Please add an exception to adblock for this site.

ap euro economic renewal/religious wars

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Hernan Cortes
1519; conquered the Aztec empire
William of Orange
leader of Netherlands against Spain
mulattoes
offspring of Europeans and Africans
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
August 24 1572; headed by the Guise family, Calvinists were slaughtered
bourgeois
middle class; broad
Bartolome de Las Casas
published arguments against the encomienda system
mercantilism
belief that total volume of trade was unchangeable, economic activity was essentially a peaceful war, prosperity of a nation depended on bullion, and it was desirable to achieve a favorable balance of trade in order to gain wealth and power for a country
mestizos
offspring of Europeans and Native Americans
Jacques Cartier
1534; discovered Saint Lawrence River
joint stock company
individuals bought shares in a company and received dividends on their investment while a board of directors ran the company and made important business decisions
guild
underwent a breakdown; formerly regulated various trades within cities
Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque
Portuguese; main force behind Portugal's trading success; set up facilities at Goa, Malacca
Henry Hudson
Dutch explorer who explored NE America
Niccolo, Maffeo and Marco Polo
from Venice; most famous medieval travelers to the East
Catholic League
formed by ultra-Catholics in 1576 with the goal of exterminating heresy and putting a true Catholic champion (Henry, duke of Guise) on the French throne
Middle Passage
journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas
slave trade
begins with Portugal; caused by a decrease in Native American labor force and an increase in the need for plantation labor
Jamestown
first permanent English settlement in America; 1607; modern Virginia
Poor Law of 1601
created by Elizabeth I; stopped civil disturbance, "helped" the poor, instituted work/poor houses
Francisco Pizarro
1530; conquered the Incas with only 180 men
astrolabe
allowed sailors to find their latitude
Puritans
Protestants inspired by Calvinism who wanted to remove any trace of Catholicism from the Church of England
yeoman
wealthier, solid farmer
Union of Utrecht
1579; northern provinces of the Netherlands formed a Protestant union
Act of Supremacy
1559; put Elizabeth I in charge of religious matters
Junker
land owning class in Prussia; aristocratic
Act of Uniformity
restored the church service of the Book of Common Prayer with some changes to make it more acceptable to Catholics
medieval maps
highly schematic and symbolic, of lesser practical use
encomienda
labor system set down by Queen Isabella of Spain in which the Spanish forced the Native Americans to work for them in slave-like conditions
King Affonso of Congo
wrote to the king of Portugal in 1526 against the slave trade
Spanish Empire
South America/Central America; specifically Mexico and Peru
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish; first to reach Pacific Ocean (over land)
triangular trade
connected Europe, Africa and the Americas; European goods (guns, gin, cloth) to Africa, African slaves to Americas, American goods (tobacco, molasses, sugar, rum, coffee, raw cotton) to Europe
Council of Troubles/Council of Blood
inaugurated a reign of terror in which even aristocrats were executed
Fugger
main banking family is Augsburg, Germany; went bankrupt due to problems with loans to the French monarchy
European goods
horses, cattle, wheat
Treaty of Utrecht
1713, French began to cede American possessions to the English
price revolution
European phenomenon that included inflation and a growth of capitalism
conquistadores
Spaniards such as Cortes and Pizarro; motto was "God, Gold, and Glory"
Edict of Nantes
1598; acknowledged Catholicism as the official religion of France, but gave Huguenots the right to worship in selected places, retain fortified towns, and enjoy political privileges such as holding public office
Battle of Plassey
1757; small British force of 3,000 defeated Mughal army more than ten times its size
Society of Friends/Quakers
first to denounce slavery
Jamaica
one of Britain's most important sugar producing colonies
favorable balance of trade
important to mercantilism; must export more than one imports
compass
allowed sailors to find north and their direction
asiento
British privilege of transporting 4500 slaves a year into Spanish Latin America
Samuel de Champlain
established Quebec in 1608
Jesuits
most effective and active missionaries
Tenochtitlan
Aztec capital
Medici
main banking family in Florence
duke of Parma
sent by Spain to the Netherlands; main force in Union of Arras
American agricultural products
potatoes, chocolate, corn, tomatoes, tobacco
Ferdinand Magellan
1519; first to circumnavigate the globe
Columbian Exchange
reciprocal importation and exportation of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas
Mercator projection
most famous portrayal of the world by Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator
Magellan
first to circumnavigate the globe; sailed for Spain
politiques
public figures who placed politics before religion and believed that no religious truth was worth civil war
1663
Canada made French property
Amerigo Vespucci
determined that a new continent had been discovered
Pacification of Ghent
1576; all provinces in the Netherlands would stand together under William of Orange's leadership, respect religious differences, and demand the removal of Spanish troops
Christopher Columbus
1492; sailed to America under Queen Isabella of Spain, made three expeditions, one of the first to America
smallpox, measles, typhoid
European diseases that devastated Native American populations
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
1651-1695; one of seventeeth century Latin America's best-known literary figures; wrote poetry and prose, urged women to be educated
Black Legend
propaganda mainly headed by England against Spain; characterized Spain as unusually cruel and exploiting the natives
New Netherlands
main Dutch colony in the Americas
Frances Xavier
early Jesuit missionary in India/China/Japan (16th century)
Mary, Queen of Scots
executed in 1587 after numerous attempts to overthrow Elizabeth I
Seven Years War
1756-1763; British forced French to withdraw completely from India
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494; Pope split newly discovered land between Spain (west) and Portugal (east)
Union of Arras
1579; southern provinces of the Netherlands formed a Catholic union
hidalgo
Spanish nobleman with a reputation for pride
robot
serfdom system in eastern Europe
War of the Three Henries
1588-1589; dynastic war between Henry, duke of Guise, King Henry III, and Henry of Navarre; Henry of Navarre was the victor
Bartholomeu Dias
1488; rounded Cape of Good Hope
Guise family
main ultra-Catholic family, they had the loyalty of Paris and northern and northwestern France, support from the papacy and support from the Jesuits; main force in French Wars of Religion
de Gama
first to said around southern tip of Africa; sailed for Portugal
John Cabot
Venetian sailing under England, explored New England coastline
Vasco da Gama
1588; rounded Cape of Good Hope, arrived at India
Sir WIlliam Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham
Elizabeth I's main advisors
ultra Catholics
extreme Catholic party
Lord Macartney
sent in 1793 to press for the liberalization of trade restrictions in China
New York
New Netherland's name after British took over
King Philip II
1556-1598; successor of Charles V, took a militant approach, tried to make Spain a major power, sent the Armada against Elizabeth I
Francis Drake
explorer as well as plunderer of Spanish ships for Elizabeth I
British Board of Trade, Royal Council, Parliament
supposed governing forces of the English colonies in America
portolani
charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries that were more useful to sailors
Ptolemy
astronomer in 2 AD; wrote The Geography
Saint Domingue
Haiti; French colony
Huguenots
French Calvinists
Henry the Navigator
Prince who started school on the coast of Portugal
America
the New World, named after Amerigo Vespucci
usury
having interest on loans; movement away from medieval economic systems and banking

Deck Info

92

permalink