pre clinic chapter 4
Terms
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- Applying the same infection control procedures during the care of all clients, regardless of their health histories
- universal precautions
- how do you handle waste disposal during treatment
- discard saliva or blood soaked items in biohazard bag taped to cabinet
- high level disinfectant
- kills all/ inactivates bacterial spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, depending on contact time can either be disinfectant or sterilant
- describe chemical vapor under pressure
- alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, and water heated under pressure to produce a gas, 20 minutes. adv: ease of operation, no corrosion, relatively short cycle. DIS: ventilation, slight odor, special solution required
- the absence of infectious materials, achieved by removing or killing microorganisms
- asepsis
- what are antiseptics applied to
- living tissues
- what are disinfections applied to
- inanimate objects
- physical or chemical process that destroys all living organisms including bacterial spores in or on an object
- sterilization
- procedures to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of disease transmission
- infection control protocol
- sanitation
- the process by which the number of organisms on inanimate objects is reduced to a safe level. It does not imply freedom from microorganisms and generally refers to a cleaning process
- synergism
- the joint action of agents so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual parts
- invasive procedure
- entry into tissues during which bleeding occurs or the potential for bleeding ocurs
- broad spectrum
- indicates a range of activity of a drug or chemical sustance against a wide variety of microorganisms
- aseptic technique
- procedures carried out in the absence of pathogenic microorganisms
- agents that kill sporicidal, bacteriocidal, and virucidal
- cidal
- what is an antimicrobial agent
- any agent that prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms either by inhibiting their activity or by detroying them; term used especially for preparations applied topically to living tissue
- items designed to protect oral healthcare workers from exposure to blood-borne and other pathogens (gloves, masks, safety, glasses
- personal protective equipment
- what is OSHA
- occupational safety and health administration that became effective in 1992. it protect occupational health care workers against exposure to bloodborne infectious disease
- what is the best indication of disinfectant-tuberculocial
- myobacterium tuberculosis is the most heat resistance organism. It is used as a benchmark.
- what is the best verification of steriliation and what does it entail
- monitoring, involves use of weekly spore strips or vials. monitoring microorganisms include: bacillus stearothermophilis for autoclave and chemical vapor and bacillus subtilis for dry heat and ethylene oxide
- describe ethyline oxide
- commonly used in hospitals or institutions, creates a gas vapor toxic to microorganisms at relatively low temperature, 10-16 hours, adv: does not damage heat sensitive materials, low temperature. DIS: long cycle, use of hazardous chemical high cost
- decribe dry heat (oxidation of cell parts)
- 2 hours, adv: does not dull or corrode, easy to use , non-toxic. dis: long exposure time, poor penetration, destroy heat-sensitive materials
- name four sterilization methods
- moist heat-steam under pressure, dry heat, chemical vapor, and ethyline oxide
- briefly describe steam autoclave?
- moist heat under pressure, 15-30 minutes, adv: time efficient, good penetration, wide range of materials, nontoxic. dis: possible corrosion of non-stainless steel instruments, not suitable for oils or powders
- intermediate level disinfectant
- kills TB/ inactivates all forms of microorganisms except spores, kills mycobacterium tuberculosis
- low level disinfectant
- kills neither TB nor spores/ inactivates vegetative bacteria and some lipophilic viruses but is not tuberculocidal or sporicidal
- name the criteria for ideal disinfectant
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*tuberculocidal and viricidal
*effective within 10 minutes or less
*nontoxic and non-allergenic
*provides residual effect on treated surfaces, odorless, reasonable cost, retains stability and effectiveness, good penetrating and cleaning ability, and not damaging to equipment and environmental surfaces - name some factors that influence the efectiveness of surface disinfectant
- the number and type of organisms present, amount of bioburden (residue left behind on instruments), selection of EPA disinfectant (must be tuberculocidal) appropriate concentration, precleaning of surface to remove bioburden
- name some equipment barriers for radiographic procedures
- plastic bag to cover PID, plastic cover for exposure control switch, cover headrest and chair controls
- during radiographic procedures, how do you handle surface cleaning and disinfection
- use "spray-wipe-spray" with PPE and nitrile gloves, but do not spray directly on control panel
- name some ways to protect dental records
- hygiene assistant, overgloves, tape record data, voice activated computer software
- during patient care, how do you minimize cross contamination
- use overgloves, disinfect anything touched with contaminated hands, avoid entering drawers, protect dental records
- describe the care and maintenance of DUWL
- check anti-retraction valves regularly, flush lines 2-5 minutes at the beginning of the day, flush 30 seconds between patients
- true or false? there are high concentrations of bacteria found in DUWL of handpieces, a/w syringes and ultrasonics
- true
- in the preparation of treatment areas, noncritical means
- they do not penetrate but are exposed (light handles). Use intermediate level disinfectant
- chemical or physical agents that destroy microorganisms but may not kill bacterial spores
- disinfection
- in the preparation of the treatment area, critical means
- those that penetrate oral soft tissue or bone (curet)
- during patient care, how do you reduce the aerosol and splatter
- preprocedural rinse or toothbrushing, use a/w syringe separately not combined, use high volume suction, and proper patient positioning
- in the preparation of the treatment area semicritical means,
- instruments that come in contact with mucous membranes (film holders). They must be sterilized by heat or high level disinfectant
- what does DUWL stand for
- dental unit water line; anti-retraction valves, filtration devices, and self contained water systems
- noscomial infection
- an infection occuring in a patient while in a healthcare facility that was not present at the time of admission