3.3 & 3.4 study guide terms
Terms
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- Fort Sumter
- On April 12, 1861 in Charleston, South Carolina. The upper south states were in limbo and the problem started when you had federeal military installations in the states that were trying to secede. The North said that the forts belonged to the them and the south said otherwise. Most of the time the Generals would turn over command to the south. Except for Fort Sumter. they refused to surrender. The southerners fired shots b/c of refusal. These were the opening shots to the civial war. Significan tb/c it brought 4 more states into the Confederacy and it commenced the civil war.
- Cotton Diplomacy
- this was the Confederacies strategy to win the civil war. It was supposed to win British recognition and support. This was the key to victory for the south. The idea was that the british were so dependent on cotton that if the South cut it off the British would get on their knees and beg for cotton to save their economy. This idea failed b/c they didnʼt have the political will to carry out the embargo. They asked people to voluntarily stop shipping cotton. It also failed b/c the british had plenty of cotton stored and the British had other markets for cotton in India and Egypt that they could go to.
- Battle of Antietam
- fought on Sept. 17, 1862: The goal of this battle was to defeat, & demoralize the north. Also, to draw the british in. One flaw was that Leeʼs battle plans were intercepted. He lost the element of surprise due to his plans being found in his lost cigars and was unable to drive union troops back. This was the bloodiest battle up to that time. Lee was forced to retreat to Virginia. The significance of this battle is that it had unique significance as enough of a victory to give President Lincoln the confidence to announce the emancipation proclamation.
- Emancipation Proclamation
- written by President Lincoln this would free all slaves in rebel states as of January 1, 1863. Not very many slaves were freed by the emancipation proclamation b/c they it was only in rebel states, which did not recognize themselves as part of the union anymore. This accomplished the political agenda of Lincoln. It would keep border states in, the british out by giving moral dimension to the war.
- Battle of Gettysburg
- battle fought on July 1-3, 1863. Grant had laid seige to Vicksburg and the situation started to get dire. Lee moved across enemy territory in the the summer of 1863. Forced grant to leave vicksburg alone and gives the relief that it needs. Bloodiest battle of the civil war and is significant b/c it is the turning point of it.
- Pickettʼs Charge
- On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg Lee decided that he wants to finish the Yankees off. He made the fateful decision to order pickett to take his regiment and attack the union center. 13,000 men crossed the field in open daylight with no cover at all. Very few of the men made it. This was the high water mark for the confederacy and was downhill after this point.
- Election of 1864
- the north is controlled by the republicans mainly but the democratic party is still there. The democrats nominated McClullen, he said that he would stop the war, call a truce, readmit the southern states, restore the Union, and keep slavery intact. However, key victories in Georgia in late summer of 1864 assured Republican victory in November. The tide of war turned in the few montsh before the election. Grant had captured Atlanta by September. South lost the election and Lincoln won.
- Thirteenth Amendment
- opened way to abolition. Officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery.
- New York City Draft Riots
- in 1863 people were mostly poor irish immigrants were forced to fight in a war they donʼt believe in or care about. They were racist and had to compete with slaves economically. Their opposition to the draft was heated and boiled over to a riot in late July. They went on a rampage burning down black schools and orphanages. They killed and lynched about 100 black people in New York over the course of about 3 days.
- Nathan Bedford Forrest
- founder of the KKK.
- Andersonville
- a prison campy in South Georgia. by 1864 there were too many people there. It had double the amount of POWʼs it was built to accommodate. There was not enough food for them to eat b/c most of it was being diverted to the war effort. Most of the meals consisted of ground up corn cobs.Also, there was not shelter from the elements. significant b/c this caused the first war crime trial of the U.S.