Drugs - Cardiovascular Agents
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- What is an arrythmia?
- an irregular heart rhythym
- What is the cardiac cycle?
- the contraction and relaxation of the heart
- What are the top chambers of the heart called?
- the atria
- What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?
- the ventricles
- Which side of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood through pulmonary circulation?
- the right side of the heart
- Which side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood through systemic circulation?
- the left side of the heart
- What is the SA node and what does it do?
- it is the fastest generating electrical impulse area of the heart and it sets the pace
- What do the AV node and the Purkinje Fibers do?
- they transmit the impulse
- What is a blockage by a clot called?
- an embolism
- What should be the highest readings for blood pressure for a healthy adult?
- 135/85
- Which number in a blood pressure reading is the systolic pressure?
- the first number
- Which number in a blood pressure reading is the diastolic pressure?
- the second number
- What is systolic pressure?
- the value that represents the maximum pressure as the heart contracts to pump blood out
- What is diastolic pressure?
- the value that represents the minimum pressure in the artery as the heart relaxes
- What are antianginals used to treat?
- cardiac related chest pain resulting from ischemic heart disease
- What do patients with ischemic heart disease suffer from?
- a lack of oxygen and blood flow to the myocardium, heart muscle
- What type of cardiovascular agent are nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers examples of?
- antianginals
- What are antiarrhythmics used to treat?
- irregular heart rhythms
- How do antiarrhythmics work?
- they regulate the conduction activity of the heart by inhibiting abnormal pacemaker cells or recurring abnormal impulses and restoring a normal rhythm
- What type of cardiovascular agents include beta blockers and drugs that block sodium channels, potassium ion channels, and calcium channels?
- antiarrhythmics
- What are antihypertensives used to treat?
- they reduce a sustained elevation in blood pressure
- How do beta blockers help to lower blood pressure?
- they reduce cardiac output
- How do diuretics help to lower blood pressure?
- they decrease fluid volume
- How do ACE inhibitors help to lower blood pressure?
- they reduce salt and water retention and inhibit vascular constriction
- How do calcium channel blockers help to lower blood pressure?
- they relax blood vessels
- What do vasopressors do?
- they increase blood pressure
- What does LDL stand for?
- low-density lipoprotein
- What does HDL stand for?
- high-density lipoprotein
- What can excess amounts of LDL lead to?
- blocked blood vessels and cardiovascular problems
- What type of cardiovascular agent is used to treat high LDL levels?
- HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors
- What do thrombolytics do?
- they are used to dissolve blood clots
- What do anticoagulants do?
- they are used to prevent the formation of blood clots
- What is an embolus?
- blood clot
- What is alteplase?
- a thrombolytic agent
- What do beta blockers do?
- reduce the oxygen demands of the heart muscle
- What do calcium channel blockers do?
- relax the heart by reducing heart conduction
- What do diuretics do?
- decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume by eliminating salts and water through urination
- What do ACE inhibitors do?
- they relax the blood vessels
- What type of drugs end in -pril?
- ACE inhibitors
- What are -sartan drugs a subgroup of?
- ACE inhibitors
- What type of drugs relax and expand the blood vessels?
- vasodilators
- What type of drug is Nitroglycerin?
- an antianginal agent
- What type of drug is Nifedipine?
- an antianginal calcium channel blocker
- What type of drug is Verapamil?
- an antianginal calcium channel blocker
- What type of drugs contain the stem -olol in the name?
- beta-blockers
- How do beta-blockers work?
- they block the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine
- What type of drug contains the stem -poetin in the name?
- erythropoietins
- What does the hormone, Erythropoietin, do?
- regulates RBC production, is used in treating anemia caused by kidney failure and chemotherapy