Chemistry Chapter 10 Vocab
Terms
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- Kinetic Energy
- the energy an object has because of its motion
- Kinetic theory
- a theory explaining the states of matter based on the concept that the particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
- Gas Pressure
- the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object' due to collisions of gas particles with the object
- vacuum
- a space where no particles of matter exist
- Atmospheric pressure
- the pressure exerted by air molecules in the atmosphere surrounding Earth, resulting from collisions of air molecules with objects
- Barometers
- an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
- Pascal(Pa)
- the SI unit of pressure
- Standard Atmosphere(atm)
- a unit of pressure; it is the pressure requited to support 700mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 degrees C; this is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level
- Vaporization
- the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
- Evaporation
- vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
- Vapor Pressure
- the pressure produced when vapor particles above a liquid in a sealed container collide with the container walls; a dynamic equillibrium exists between the vapor and the liquid
- Boiling Point
- the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid
- Normal Boiling Point
- the boiling opint of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atmosphere
- Melting point
- the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0 degrees C.
- Crystal
- a substance in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3-dimensional pattern
- Unit Cell
- the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal
- Allotropes
- one or two more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state; oxygen (O2)and ozone (O3)
- Amorphous Solids
- a term used to describe a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms
- Glasses
- the optically transparent fusion product of inorganic materials that have cooled to a rigid state without crystalizing
- Phase Diagram
- a diagram showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas
- Triple Point
- The point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another
- Sublimation
- the conversion of a solid to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state